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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fat contains _______ as much energy per lb or kg as do carbohydrates adn proteins.
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2.25
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Fats are formed by:
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combination of fatty acids with glycerol
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Roles of dietary lipids:
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energy, provide essential fatty acids, absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, improve palatability, reduce dustiness, structural components of cells
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Sources of lipids:
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tallow, lard, poultry fat, white grease, restaurant grease
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specialty fats
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increase energy density of feed
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Oils and fats differ by:
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their melting points.
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Oils have ____ melting points, and tend to be ______ at room temperature.
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low, liquid
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Fats have a _______ melting point and tend to be ______ at room temperature.
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high, solid
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Most fats in feeds are found as:
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triglycerides (glycerol + 3 fatty acids)
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Saponification
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reaction of fats with alkali to produce soap and glycerol.
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examples of Saturated Fatty Acids:
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Stearic Acid (18:0), palmitic Acid (16:0)
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examples of unsaturated fatty acids:
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Oleic (18:1), Linoleic (18:2), Linolenic (18:3), arachidonic (20:4)
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2 essential fatty acids:
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Linoleic acid (18:2) and Linolenic (18:3).
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Omega 3 is:
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Linolenic fatty acid (18:3) - good
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Omega 6 is:
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Linoleic fatty acid (18:2) - bad
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Animals and humans cannot add double bonds to positions higher than _____.
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9
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All naturally occuring fatty acids are:
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Cis
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VFA's (acetate, propionate, butyrate) are what type of chain?
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short chain fatty acid
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Omega-3 fatty acid has the first double bond:
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from the methyl end between the 3 and 4 carbon.
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Omega-6 fatty acid has the first double bond:
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from the methyl end between the 6 & 7 carbon.
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Long chain Omega-3 Fatty acid is found primarily in:
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Fish Oil
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2 examples of long chain Omega-3 fatty acids:
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EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5)
DHA: docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) |
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Trans-10, Cis-12 is mad exclusively in the:
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rumen
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high grain =
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trans-10, cis-12
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CLA concentration is _____ in ruminants.
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high
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benefits of CLA
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anticarcinogenic, antitherogenic, antidiabetic, antiobesity
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Omega-6 is what type of fat? Trans or Cis?
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Trans
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most dietary fat is supplied in the form of _______, which must be hydrolyzed to fatty acids and _______, before they can be absorbed.
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triacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol
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what carries the products to the brush border of the intestinal mucosal cells?
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mixed micellas
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Chylomicrons enter the blood stream via:
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the lymphatic vessels
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Very-Low-Density-Lipoprotein (VLDL)
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triacylglycerol-rich particles produced in the liver from endogenous fat
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About 60-80% of cholesterol in plasma is carried by:
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LDL's (low density lipoprotein)
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Insulin _______ triglycerol breakdown
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prevents
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End result of fatty acid metabolism is:
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saturated fat
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Enzymes in fatty acid synthesis:
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ACC (acetyl CoA carboxylase) and FAS (fatty acid synthase)
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Regulatory step in fatty acid synthesis:
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ACC
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every step in the β-Oxidation of fatty acid removes:
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an Acetyl CoA unit
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Ketones:
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play an important role in fuel homeostasis by providing fuel for muscle and brain tissue during periods of fasting and starvation.
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Ketone bodies (names)
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acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone
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Ketone is formed by 2 molecules of _______. Limited rate by forming _______ and __________.
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Acetyl Coa, β-hydroxybutryate, Acetone
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synthesis of common ketone bodies occurs in the :
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liver
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rate limiting component of oxidation of ketone bodies:
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β-hydroxybutryate
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