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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the primary site of lipid digestion?
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the small intestine
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name the 2 hormones that stimulate the secreation of pancreatic juices involved in lipid digestion.
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pancreozymin and secretin
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what event stimulates the release of the hormones, pancreozymin and secretin, into the bloodstream?
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the passage of chyme into the duodenum.
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what does the hormone pancreozymin do?
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causes the contraction of the gall bladder and discharge of bile into the small intestine.
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how is the problem of lipid insolubility solved?
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by the formation of lipids into micelles by the biles acids.
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what is the specific function of pancreatic lipase?
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it hydrolyzes ester linkages of triglycerides at the 1 and 3 carbon positions.
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what activates prophospholipase A2 to phospholipase A2? what does the ladder do?
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trypsin activates the enzyme in the small intestine.
the activated enzyme hydrolizes the triglyceride at the 2 carbon location. |
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by how many mechanisms can the small intestine resynthesize triglyceides? what are they?
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3...by esterification of glycerol phosphate:
1) after its formation from DHAP 2) after its formation by glycerol kinase 3) by direct esterification of beta-monoglycerides. |
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what is the underlying function of chylomicrons?
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to transport dietary triglycerides from the intestine to the liver and non-hepatic tissue for storage.
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were are VLDLs formed?
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in the liver.
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where are IDLs, LDLs and HDLs formed?
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blood, blood, liver, respectively.
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what are the major functions of these apolipoproteins?
1) Apo A-I 2) Apo A-II 3) Apo B-100 4) Apo C-II 5) Apo E |
1) LCAT activation
2) LCAT inhibition 3) Lipid transport 4) LPL activation 5) LP recognition |
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How many hours after a meal are lipid plasma levels peaked? when do they return to normal?
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peak: 2-3
bck to normal: 5-6hrs |
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what are the 3 forms of lipids in the blood?
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chylomicrons, in lipoproteins (like VLDL), free fatty acids bound to albumin.
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what is the rate limiting step in the transport of ingested tryglycerides?
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their conversion into chylomicrons in the intestinal mucosa.
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were is lipoprotein lipase most abundant? where is it located in this tissue? what does it do?
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most abundant in the adipose tissue. bound to the surface of capillary endothelium. serves to release free fatty acids and glycerol from the chylomicrons and also VLDLs, forming IDLs. (most free fatty acids enter te adipose tissue)
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what are all of the hyperlipoproteinemias, what are the defective lipoproteins in each and what is the major plasma lipid elevated?
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(i guess 'abnormal' means they will be elevated in the serum as well)
I. chylomicrons abnormal, tryglycerides elevated IIa. LDL abnormal, cholesterol elevated IIb. LDL and VLDL abnormal, cholesterol and triglycerides elevated. III. IDL abnormal, cholesterol and triglycerides elevated. IV. VLDL abnormal, triglycerides elevated. V. VLDL and chylomicrons abnormal, triglycerides elevated. |
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hat is the ONLY way by which triglycerides can be formed in adipose tissue?
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DHAP from glycolysis is converted to glycerophosphate by 'glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase' with the use of 1 NADH. the glycerophosphate is then esterified to ulamately form triglycerides.
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from what to precursors can triglycerides be formed in the liver?
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DHAP, and glycerol
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how does the consistant and excessive consumption of alcohol lad to increased triglyceride formation?
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the ethanol is oxidized to acetaldahyde which is then oxidized to acetate. both reactions produce NADH. increase in the NADN pool leads to the increased formation of triglycerides.
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