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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many ATP per beta oxidation cycle?
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2 per FAD --> FADH2
3 per NAD --> NADH 12 per acetyl CoA x 2 |
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What are the ketone bodies?
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D-3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate (and its nonenzymatic breakdown product, acetone)
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Why can't animals convert fatty acids into glucose?
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The acetyl CoA from beta oxidation can't be converted into pyruvate or oxaloacetate in the TCA cycle. The carbons are oxidized to CO2.
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What enzymes activate and trasport FAs into the mitochondria?
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1. acyl CoA synthase + CoASH + ATP
2. carnitine acyltransferase I 3. acylcarnitine tranlocase 4. carnitine acyltransferase II |
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What are the enzymes in beta oxidation?
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1. acyl CoA dehydrogenase + FAD
2. enoyl CoA hydratase 3. hyroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase + NAD 4. ketothiolase + CoASH |
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What are the enzymes in the beta oxidation of and unsaturated fatty acid?
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1. acyl CoA dehydrogonase + FAD
2. 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase + NAD 3. isomerase |
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What are the products of the beta oxidation of a fatty acid with an odd number of carbons?
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acetyl CoA + propionyl CoA
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What configuration are the double bonds of naturally ocurring fatty acids?
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always cis
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How is beta oxidation regulated?
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the availability of free lipids by the action of hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase
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What is the pathway of ketogenesis?
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1. 2 acetyl CoA combine to form acetoacetyl CoA
2. combines with acetyl CoA to form 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG CoA) 3. loses acetyl CoA to form acetoacetate 4. add NADH (reduce) to form D-3-hydroxybutyrate |
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Where does fatty acid synthesis take place?
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cytosol
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What is the reductant in fatty acid synthesis?
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NADPH
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What is the CoA equivalent in fatty acid synthesis?
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acyl carrier protein (ACP)
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