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146 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The text that appears after a command name, does not start with a dash character and specifies information the command requires to work properly
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arguments
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the process whereby each user must log in with a valid user name and password before gaining access to the user interface of a system
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authentication
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It is the default command - line interface in linux.
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BASH (Boune Again Shell)
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A small program started by BIOS ROM, which executes the Linux kernel in memory.
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boot loader
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A program that exists in the hard drive and is execute when typed on the command line.
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command.
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The process of installing more than one operating system on a computer. The user can then choose the operating system to load at system startup.
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dual booting
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A configuration utility that is run at system startup immediately following a Red Hat fedora Linux installation.
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firstboot wizard
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an abstract representation of video hardware used by programs such that they do not need to to communicate directly with the video hardware.
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framebuffer
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a common boot loader used in linux
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GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader)
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a filesystem function that keeps track of the information that needs to be written to the hard drive in a journal
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journaling
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the specific pieces of information that can be passed to the linux kernel to alter how it works
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kernel parameters
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the key combinations that have special meaning in the linux operating system
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metacharacters
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the specific letters that start with a dash or two and appear after the command name to alter the way the command works
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options
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a type of starage that can be used to combine hard disks together for fault tolerance
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RAID
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a user interface that accepts input from the user and passes the input to the kernel for processing
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shell
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the channel that allows a certain user to log in and communicate with the kernel via a user interface.
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terminal
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an area on a hard disk that can be used to store information that normally resides in physical memory if the physical memory is being used excessively
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virtual or swap memory
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a metacharacter used to represent a user's home directory
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~
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The full pathname to a certain file or direcotry starting from the root directory
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absoloute pathname
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a file that contains a machine language and stores information used by binary compiled programs
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binary data file
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a linux command used to display (or concatenate )the entire contents of a text file to the screen
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cat
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a linux command used to change the current directory in the directory tree
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cd
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one of the two input modes in vi it allows a user to perform available text editing task that is not related to inserting text into the document.
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command mode
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the joining of text together to make one larger whole
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concatenation
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a special file in the filesystem use to organize other files into a logical structure
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directory
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a viariant of the grep command used to search files for atterns using extended regular expressions.
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egrep
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a popular and widespread text editor more conducive to word processing than vi
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emacs
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a file that can be executed by the linux operating system to run in memory as a process an perform a useful functions
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executable program
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a variant of the grep command that does not allow the use of regular expressions
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fgrep command
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a linux command that displays the file type of a specified filename
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file command
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the user friendly identifier given to a file
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filename
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a series of identifiers following a dot at the endo fo a filename used to denote the type of the file.
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filename extensions
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a text editor for the gnome desktop
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gedit
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a linux command that searches fiels for patterns of charactersusing regular expression metacharacters
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grep command
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a linux command that displays the first set of lines of a text file.
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head command
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a directory on the filesystem set aside for users to store personal files and information
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home directory
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one of two input modes in vi it allows the user the ability to insert text.
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insert mode
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a text editor for the KDE desktop
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kedit editor
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a linux command used to display a text file page by page on the terminal screen
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less command
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the files that represent the same data as other files
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linked file
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an alias for the ls -l command it gives a long file listing
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ll
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a file that contains past system events
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log file
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command used to list the files in a given directory
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ls
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command used to display a text file page by page and line by line
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more command
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a temporary connection that sends information from one command or process in memory to another
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named pipe file
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a linux command used to display the contents of a file in octal format
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od command
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command used to display the current directory in the directory tree
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pwd (print working directory)
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the special metacharaters used to match patterns of text within text files
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regular expressions
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the pathname of a target directory relative to your current directory in the tree
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relative pathname
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a named pipe connecting proceesses on two different computers
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socket file
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the directory that contains vinary comands for use by all users
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/bin directory
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the directory that contains the linux kernel and files used by the boot loader data block.
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/boot directory
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the directory that contains device files
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/dev directory
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the directory that contains system-specific configuration fiels
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/etc directory
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the default location for user home directories
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/home directory
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the directory that contains shared program libraries
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/lib directory
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an empty directory used for accessing (mounting) disks
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/mnt directory
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the directory that stores additional software programs
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/opt directory
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the directory that contains process and kernel information
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/proc directory
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the root user's home directory
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/root directory
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the directory that contains system binary commands
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/sbin directory
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the directory that holds temporary files created by programs
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/tmp directory
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the directory that contains most system commands and utilities
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/usr directory
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the location for most additional programs
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/usr/local directory
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the directory that contains log files and spools
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/var directory
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the command used to change the group owner of a file or directory
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chgrp
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the command used to change the mode (permissions) of a file or directory
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chmod
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the command used to change the owner and group owner of a file or directory
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chown
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the command used to create copies of files and directories
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cp
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a file system allocationunit in which the data that makes up the contents of the file as well as the filname are stored
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data blocks
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a standared outlining the location of set files and directories on a linux system
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filesystem hierarchy standard (FHS)
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the command used to find files on the filesystem using various criteria
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find command
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when used in the mode of a certain file or directory, the collection of users who have ownership of that file or directory
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group
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a file joined to other files on the same filesystem that shares the same inode.
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hard link
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the portion of a file that stores information on the file's attributes, access permissions, location, ownership and file type
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inode
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the mode that file management commands use when a file can be overwritten
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interactive mode
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the command used to create hard and symbolic links
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ln (link) command
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the command used to locate files from a database
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locate
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the command used to create directories
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mkdir
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the command used to move/rename files and directories
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mv
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when used in the mode of a certain file or directory it refers to all users on the linux system
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other
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the user whose nameappears in a long listing of a file or directory and who has the ability to change permissions on that fileor directory
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owner
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a variable that stores a list of direcories that will be searched in order when commands are executed without an absolute or relative pathname
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PATH variable
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a list that identifies who can access a file or folder and their level of access
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permissions
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a default group to which a user belongs
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primary group
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a term referring to itself and its own contents
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recursive
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the command used to remove files and directories
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rm
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the command used to remove empty directories
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rmdir
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the portion of a command that refers to the file or directory table an block size
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source file/directory
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the portion of a filesystem that stores critical information, such as the inode referred to as a shortcut
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superblock
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a pointer to another file on the same or another filesystem, commonly referred to as a shortcut
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symbolic link
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the command used to create new files
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touch command
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a special variable used to alter the permsissions on all new files and directories taking away select default file and directory permissions
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umask
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the command used to view and change the umask variable
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umask command
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when used in the mode of a certain file or directory, the owner of tha file or directory
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user
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the command used to locate files that exist within the direcores listen in the PATH variable
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which command
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the command used to re-create a device file if one or more of the following pieces of device information is unknown: major number,minor number, or type
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/dev/MAKEDEV
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a file used to specify which filesystems to mount automatically at boot time
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/ect/fstab
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a file that stores a list of currently mounted filesystems
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/ect/mtab
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a file that contains currently used device information
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/proc/devices
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the areas of a storage medium unable to store data properly
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bad blocks
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a series of tracks on a hard disk that are written to simultaneously by the magnetic heads in a hard disk drive.
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cylinder
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a file used by linux commands that represents a specific device on the system
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device file
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a comand that displays disk fee space by filesystem
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df
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a command that displays directory usage
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du
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a command used to specify quota limits for users and groups
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edquota
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a command used to create, delete and manipulate partitions on hard disks
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fdisk command
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the organization imposed on a physical storage medium that is used to manage the storage and retieval of data
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filesystem
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the errors in a filesystem structure that prevent the retrieval of stored data
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file corruption
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the process in which a filesystem is placed on a disk device
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formatting
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a command used to check the integrity of a filesystem and repair damaged files
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fsck
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a command used to identify any users or processes using a particular file or directory
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fuser command
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the limits on the number of files or total storage space on a hard disk drive, available to a user.
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hard disk quotas
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a limit imposed that cannot be exceeded
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hard limit
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the number used by the kernel to identify which device driver to call to interact properly with a given category of hardware
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major number
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the number used by the kernel to identify which specific hardware device, within a given category, to use a driver to communicate with
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minor number
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a command used to format and create filesystem
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mkfs
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a command used to recreate a device file provided by the major number, the minor number and type are known
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mknod
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a command used to mountfilesystems on devices to mount point directories
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mount command
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the directory in a file structure to which something is mounted
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mount point
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a process used to associate a device wit a directory in the logical directory tree such that users can store data on that device
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mounting
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a physical division of a hard disk drive
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partition
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a command used to view disk quotas imposed on a user
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quota command
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a command used to deactivate disk quotas
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quotaoff
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a command used to activate disk quotas
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quotaon
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a command used to produce a report on quotas for a particular filesystem
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repquota
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the filesystem that contains most files that make up the operating system
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root filesystem
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the smallest unit of data storage on a hard disk
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sector
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a liit imposed that can be exceeded for a certain period of time
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soft limit
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the process of writing data to the hard disk that was stored in RAM
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syncing
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the area on a hard disk that forms a concentric circle of sectorsq
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track
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a command used to modify ext2 and ext3 filesystem parameters
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tune2fs
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a command used to break the association between a device and a directory in the logical directory tree
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umount command
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the directory that contains information on current cpu setup on the system
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/proc/cpuinfo
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the directory that contains information on current direct memory access assignments on the system
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/proc/dma
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the directory that contains information on current interrupt reuest assignments on the system
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/proc/interrupts
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the directory that contains information on current input/output address assignments on the system
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/proc/ioports
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the directory that contains information on what modules are currently incorporated into the kernel
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/proc modules
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a channel that allows a hardware device direct access to physical memory
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direct memory access (DMA)
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a RAID configuration also known as RAID 1 that consists of two identical hard disks, which are written to in parallel with the same informatin to ensure fault tolerance
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disk mirroring
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a RAID configuration, a type of RAID 0 which is used to write separate information to different hard disks t speed up access time.
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disk striping
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disk striping with parity
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RAID 5
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a method of sharing processor time used by the processor to prioritize simultaneous requests for service fromperipheral devices
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IRQ
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a file that can be specified at the beginning of a Red Hat Fedora installation to automate the installation process
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kickstart file
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a unique identifier for each device attatched to any given node in a SCSI chain
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Logical Unit Number (LUN)
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a type of RAID level 0 that allows two or more devices to be represented as a single large volume
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spanning
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