Linguistics Test 2

Front 1

Reasons Sentences are Funny

Back 1

Constitutional Ambiguity
Pronoun Reference
Spelling Errors

Front 2

Transitive

Back 2

NP in the VP

Front 3

Intransitive

Back 3

No NP in the VP

Front 4

Auxiliary Verbs (aux)

Back 4

Free morphemes that express such meanings as time (past, present, future tense), modality (ability, possibility, probability, desire) and aspect (punctual, progressive, continuous).

Front 5

Auxiliary Verbs (Example)

Back 5

(Time, Tense) Did, Does, Will
(Modality) Can, Might, Could, Should
(Aspect) Have just, I -ing, Keeps -ing

Front 6

Syntactic Universals

Back 6

Strong tendencies, not absolute principles for the languages.

Front 7

Verb initial languages

Back 7

The auxiliary is expected to be the first constituent of the sentence.

Front 8

Verb final languages

Back 8

The auxiliary is to be found as the last constituent of the sentence.

Front 9

Verb medial languages

Back 9

The auxiliary is the second constituent of the sentence, between the subject NP and the verb phrase

Front 10

Interlocutors

Back 10

Listeners and readers

Front 11

Underspecification

Back 11

Not saying all we have to say to make ourselves perfectly clear.

Front 12

Underlying forms

Back 12

Sentences with the understood parts filled in.
Ex. - [You] Get out of here!

Front 13

Information Questions

Back 13

Questions that require more than a yes or no answer.

Front 14

Strucurally ambiguous

Back 14

Ability to be parsed in more than one way

Front 15

All Human languages

Back 15

Russian Dolls

Front 16

Parsing only ever creates one meaning

Back 16

False

Front 17

Determiner -

Back 17

This, That, a, the, etc.
Sets off a noun phrase

Front 18

Postposition is a part of -

Back 18

A postpositional phrase

Front 19

Example of Postpositional Phrase

Back 19

school to went

Front 20

Example of Prepositional Phrase

Back 20

Went to school

Front 21

Transitive -

Back 21

Has NP in VP

Front 22

Intransitive -

Back 22

No NP in VP

Front 23

Underlying Structure Question Formula

Back 23

S Aux V O PP
You pick up after yourself!
She is looking for her puppy?
She is looking for what today?
The boot straps to lift myself up are where?
She is there all alone?

Front 24

SOV Sentence

Back 24

The Man Cake Will Eat

Front 25

SVO Sentence

Back 25

John kiss the Mary

Front 26

VSO Sentence

Back 26

Past chop the.Paul the (fire)wood

Front 27

Sentences are not made up of simply words and morphemes, but -

Back 27

phrases.

Front 28

Linear Order -

Back 28

Words come one at a time - in order
Arbitrary

Front 29

Hierachical Order -

Back 29

The constituents of sentences are nested inside one another

Front 30

Human brains like to deal with information in _____

Back 30

Chunks

Front 31

Parsing -

Back 31

Brain figures out how the constituents of a sentence fit together in both a linear an da hierarchical order.

Front 32

SVO - PP

Back 32

Prepositional Phrase - at the end of the verb phrase.

Front 33

VOS - PP

Back 33

Prepositional Phrase at the end of the verb phrase.

Front 34

VSO - PP

Back 34

Prepositional Phrase at end of sentence

Front 35

SOV - PP

Back 35

Postpositional Phrase at beginning of VP