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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regressive voicing assimilation
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3500 BCE. sd-->zd
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Formation of glides
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3000 BCE. i u-->j w/ when next to vowels
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Loss of aspiration
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2000 BCE. Merger of aspirated and unaspirated stops
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Syllabic sonorants become vowel plus sonorant
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2000 BCE
m, n, l, r--> im, in, il OR um, un, ul, ur |
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Spirantization of dental stops
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2000 BCE
tt, dt-->st, dd-->zd Ex.: *plet-tej-->plesti |
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Ruki rule
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600 BCE
s-->x after k r u i |
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Kentum/satem split
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500 BCE
k, g-->s, z in Satem languages |
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Labiovelars merge with velars
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k(w), g(w)-->k, g
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Consonant losses
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500 BCE
a) Loss of word final obstruents Ex: sunus-->synь |
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Consonant losses
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b) Loss of stops before labial and alveolar consonants
ts-->s, tm-->m, gn-->n |
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Adjustments in nominal endings
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500-100 BCE
a. masculine nominative singular os-->u (-->ь) b. accusative singular om-->Q c. Neuter nom/accusative neuter om-->o d. nom/acc plural -jans, --jons-->SSL -jen, EWSL -je e. nom/acc plural -ans, -ons-->u |
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First regressive palatalization of velars
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4th-5th CE
k g x--ch, zh, sh before front vowels and combine with god for the same result |
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Development of prothetic glides
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5th-8th CE
j before front vowels: *esti-->jest w(v) before back vowels: *udra-->wydra (-->vydra) |
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Development of consonant plus jod
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see handout
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Progressive palatalization of velars after i and ь (and nasal e)
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5th-6th CE
k g x-->c dz sh [Polish] k g x-->c z sh [Cz, Slk, Ls] k g x-->c z s' (Ssl and Esl} |
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Nasalization of trapped and final nasal dipthongs
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7th c. CE
Front vowel+ nasal-->nasal e Back vowel+nasal-->Q |
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Vowel fronting after a palatal or palatalized consonant
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8th-9th CE
y-->i ou--eu o-->e back jer-->front jer |
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Simplification of diphthongs
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ej--i2
aw, ow, ew-->u2 (-->u) oj, aj-->e2 (-->jat) |
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Second regressive palatalization of velars
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9th CE
k g x have same results as in first regressive palatalization of velars, but BEFORE a front vowel. *Takes place in South and East Slavic over a [v]. |
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Obstruentation of labial glide w-->v
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udra-->wudra--vydra
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Yat backs after a palatal in South and East Slavic
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krikjetej-->krichjetej-->krichjeti-->
krichati |
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Simplification of dental/alveolar stops plus [l] in East and South Slavic
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tl, dl--> l
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What are the two syllable structure tendencies in the history of Common Slavic?
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1. Rising sonority:
a) Law of open syllables leads to loss of word final consonants, monophthongization of glide-final diphthongs, and the creation of nasal vowels b) changes in syllable initial clusters which violate the sonority hierarchy c) rise of prothetic glides d) resolution of liquid diphthongs |
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What are the two syllable structure tendencies in the history of Common Slavic?
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2. Intrasyllabic harmony (synharmony):
a) palatalization next to front vowels b) jotation c) fronting of back vowels after palatal consonants. |
