Linguistics Quiz 4

Front 1

unbounded

Back 1

this quality of syntax means number and length of sentences is unbounded

Front 2

creativity

Back 2

people are always saying things in a new way

Front 3

tree diagram

Back 3

represents grouping, function, and word order in a sentence

Front 4

grouping

Back 4

grouping of words into meaningful and functional phrases

Front 5

phrases

Back 5

constituents of larger phrases; an expression (can be a single word, but usually more) which contains a single thought but is not necessarily a complete sentence. Words make up phrases; phrases make up sentences.

Front 6

function

Back 6

the relationship of the noun phrases to the verb and to other words and word groups in the sentences

Front 7

grammatical relations

Back 7

concern the major types of phrases recognized by the grammar, a role of a noun phrase or complement clause that determines syntactic behaviors such as verb agreement

Front 8

subject

Back 8

the noun phrases under S

Front 9

predicate

Back 9

verb phrase under S

Front 10

direct object

Back 10

NP under VP

Front 11

object of preposition

Back 11

noun phrase immediately under PP

Front 12

parts of speech

Back 12

word types

Front 13

determiner

Back 13

those, a, the

Front 14

adjective

Back 14

describes nouns

Front 15

preposition

Back 15

above, below etc

Front 16

head

Back 16

the word necessary for the phrase which gives the phrase its name (the noun of the noun phrase)

Front 17

modifier

Back 17

other words in that word group that arent the head

Front 18

word order

Back 18

temporal or linear sequence of words of the sentence

Front 19

recursion

Back 19

the expansion of phrases by the expansion of phrases, including of their own types, within themselves (ie: sentences within sentences, verb phrases within verb phrases)

Front 20

coordination

Back 20

sort of recursion according to which groups like sentence, noun phrase, etc may be expanded as a pair of such phrases joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, or)

Front 21

abstractness

Back 21

constituents and functions of sentences are not ordinarily concretely marked

Front 22

replacement

Back 22

a group may ordinarly be replaced by a single word. "I said so"

Front 23

movement

Back 23

phrases may appear in different places in different versions of a sentence

Front 24

ambiguity

Back 24

a word, phrase or sentence has two distinct meanings

Front 25

grouping ambiguity

Back 25

the same string of words may have two meanings based upon different possible groupings of the words ex: we feed the pigs in clean clothes

Front 26

function ambiguity

Back 26

there are two meanings, but word groups and word meanings are the same in both--the 2 meanings are distinct only by function of some word. "i like ice cream more than you"

Front 27

lexical ambiguity

Back 27

ambiguity is based on an ambiguous word

Front 28

phrase structure rules

Back 28

the basic possibilities of the structure of basic sentences of languages

Front 29

sentence

Back 29

relationship between a subject and a predicate

Front 30

phrase structure rule 1

Back 30

S has a NP and VP

Front 31

grammatical

Back 31

grammar is a device for producing sentences. If a sentence is generated by the rules, it is grammatical.

Front 32

phrase rule 2

Back 32

members of the major lexical groups may be expanded as a phrase and such a phrase consists of a word of the category
X-->XP

Front 33

phrase rule 3

Back 33

phrase must contain the head of the phrase, may contain a specifier, and one or more modifiers (adj/adv)

Front 34

universal grammar

Back 34

rules and generalizations valid for the languages of the world

Front 35

sentence

Back 35

consists of a noun phrase and a verb phrase

Front 36

noun phrase

Back 36

consists of a noun, may be preceded by a determiner and adjective phrase, and followed by a prepositional phrase

Front 37

verb phrase

Back 37

consists of a verb, which may be followed by a noun phrase, sentence or adjective phrase, and maybe a prepositional phrase

Front 38

prepositional phrase

Back 38

preposition followed by a NP

Front 39

adjective phrase

Back 39

adjective, which may be preceded by a degree word (very, somewhat)

Front 40

transitive verbs

Back 40

see, say...have objects

Front 41

linking verbs

Back 41

ex: be, link subject to predicate

Front 42

verbs of communication

Back 42

ex: say, promise

Front 43

psychological verbs

Back 43

ex: imagine, think, believe

Front 44

intransitive verbs

Back 44

ex: fall

Front 45

subcategorization feature

Back 45

listed in the lexicon with notation of their complement type

Front 46

formal grammar

Back 46

rules for forming strings in a formal language. Apply to form, not meaning.

Front 47

syntactic category

Back 47

phrasal category (VP, NP) or lexical category (noun or verb)

Front 48

verb complement

Back 48

comes after a verb and is required for the sentence to be complete. modifies a verb

Front 49

syntactic function

Back 49

the grammatical relationship of one constituent to another within a syntactic construction.