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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Number of World's Languages
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The Ethnologue lists 6809
Conventional wisdom = 5000-7000 |
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Three Faces Of Language
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Expression, Meaning, Context
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Expression
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any bit of spoken, written, or signed language
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Meaning
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term used to refer to the senses and referents of expressions
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Context
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Refers to those aspects of a speech situation that affect the expression and enable an interpretation of the context
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Signs
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Indicators of something else
Arbitrary Representational |
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Arbitrary Signs
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Sign that has nothing to do with what it represents: Language, traffic lights, flags.
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Representational Signs
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Sign that has something to with what it represents
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Grammatical Competence
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Ability to produce and assign meaning to grammatical sentences
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Communicative Competence
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Ability to produce and interpret utterances appropriate to their context of use.
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Pictogram
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Symbolic drawing that represents an object or idea independently of the word that refers to that object or idea
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Corpus Linguistics
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Term used for compiling collections of texts and using them to probe language use.
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Free Morphemes
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Can stand alone
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Bound Morphemes
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Cannot stand alone
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Derivational Morphemes
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morpheme that serves to derive a word of one class or meaning from a word of another class or meaning
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Inflectional Morphemes
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bound morpheme that creates variant forms of a word to mark its syntactic function in a sentence.
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Affixes
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Bound morpheme that attaches to a root or stem morpheme. Prefixes & Suffixes are most common types
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Agglutinating Morphology
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Words can have several prefixes and suffixes, but are characteristically distinct and readily segmented into their pairs:
announce-ment-s |
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Inflectional Morphology Of English
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Plural-cars
Possessive-car's 3rd Person-(she) swims Past Tense-wanted, showed Past Participle-wanted, shown Present Participle-wanting, showing Comparative-taller Superlative-tallest |
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Collocations
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Word pairs or sets that habitually co-occur in texts
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Orthography
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System of spelling used to achieve a match between the sound system of a language and the alphabet representing it
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Dialect
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Language variety characteristic of a particular social group
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Register
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language variety associated with a particular situation of use:
baby talk, legalese |
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Linguistic Repertoire
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Set of language varieties used in the speaking and writing practices of a speech community
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Markers of Style & Register
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Lexical, Phonological, Grammatical, Semantic
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DARE
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Dictionary of American Regional English
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Isogloss
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Geographical boundary marking the limit of the regional distribution of a particular word, pronunciation, or usage
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ANAE
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Atlas of North American English
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Dialect Vowel Shifts
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Northern Cities Shift-cod=cad
Southern Shift-cool=kewl |