Linguistics Exam 2

Front 1

Case

Back 1

A characteristic of nouns and pronouns and in some language articles and adj. determined by the function in the sentence and generally indicated by the morphological form of the word.
I.E> I is nominative case of 1st person singular, pronoun, in English and functions as a subject; me is in the accusative case and f unctionas as an object

Front 2

content words

Back 2

the nouns, verbs, adj. and adv. that constitute the major part of vocabulary (open class)

Front 3

coinage

Back 3

the construction and/or invention of new words that then become part of the lexicon
i.e. podcast

Front 4

clipping

Back 4

the deletion of some part of the longer word to give a shorter word with the same meaning
i.e. telephone -> phone

Front 5

compound

Back 5

a word composed of two or more words
i.e. washcloth, childproof cap

Front 6

closed class

Back 6

a category (generally a functional category) that rarly has new words added to it
i.e. prep and conjunctions

Front 7

discreteness

Back 7

a fundamental property of human language in which larger linguistic units are perceived to be composed of smaller linguistic units
i.e. cat = k/ae/t
the cat = the & cat

Front 8

discontinuous morphemes

Back 8

a morpheme with multiple parts that occur in more than one place in a word or sentence
i.e. GElibT, "ge" and "t"

Front 9

derivational morphemes

Back 9

a morpheme added to a stem or root to form a new stem or word, possibly, but not necessarily resulting in a change in syntactic category
i.e. -er added to verb to make a noun.
kicker

Front 10

derived word

Back 10

the form that results from the addtion of a derivational morpheme
i.e. firm + ly = firmly

Front 11

eponyms

Back 11

a word taken from a proper name
i.e. Hertz = a unit for frequency

Front 12

free morphemes

Back 12

a single morpheme that constitutes a word
i.e. dog

Front 13

function words

Back 13

a word that does not have clear lexical meaning but has a grammatical function; function words include: conj, prep, articles, auxiliaries, complementizers & pronouns
i.e. closed class

Front 14

generic

Back 14

a word that applies to a whole class, such as "wombat" in " the wombat lives accros the seas"

a word that is ordinarily masculine when used to refer to both sexes
i.e. mankind = human race

masculine pronoun when used as a neutral form= everyone should do HIS duty

Front 15

grammatical category

Back 15

aka "parts of speech"
aka "syntactic categories"
expression of the same grammatical categories, can generally sbustitute for one another without loss of grammaticality
i.e. noun phrase, verb phrase, adj, auxiliary

Front 16

Hierarchical structure, tree diagrams

Back 16

the groupigns and subgroupings of the parts of a sentence into syntactic categeories
i.e.
the bird sang [[[the]bird]][sang]]
unlockable [[un][[lock][able]]]

generally depicted in a tree diagram

Front 17

Head

Back 17

of a phrase.
central word of a phrase whose lexical category defines the type of phrase

(n)the MAN who came to dinner
(v)WROTE a letter to his mother
(adj)very birhgt RED

Front 18

Lexicography

Back 18

the editing or making of a dictionary

Front 19

lexicon

Back 19

the component of the grammar containing speakers' knowledge about morphemes and words

a speaker's mental dictionary

Front 20

Linguistic signs

Back 20

sounds or gestures, typically morphemes in spoken languages and signs in sign languages that have a form bound to ameaning in a single unit

dog--linguistic sign pronounced /daeg/ means canis familiaris

Front 21

monomorphemic

Back 21

a word that ocnsists of one morpheme

Front 22

morpheme

Back 22

smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function.
sheepdogs= three morphemes

sheep
dog
s-function morpheme for plural

Front 23

morphology

Back 23

the study of the structure of words; the component of the grammar that includes the rules of word formation

Front 24

open class

Back 24

the class of lexicl content words; a category of words that commonly adds new words
i.e. noun, verb, adj, adv

Front 25

orthography

Back 25

the written form of a language; spelling

Front 26

possible word

Back 26

a string of sounds that obeys the phonotactic constraints of the language, but has no meaning
i.e. gimble
aka nonsense word

Front 27

productive

Back 27

refers to morphological rules that can be used freely and apply to all forms to create new words
--addition ot an adj. of "ish" meaning "having somewhat of the quality"
newish, tallish, incredible-ish

Front 28

slips of the tongue

Back 28

an involuntary deviation of an intended utterance

Front 29

syntactic class

Back 29

see grammatical category

Front 30

suppletive

Back 30

a term used to refer to inflected morphemes in which the regular rules do not apply

Front 31

infix

Back 31

a bound morpheme, parts of which occur in a word, before and after root. ge-lieb-t

Front 32

circumfix

Back 32

bound morpheme inserted in middle of another morpheme
abso-fucking-lutely

Front 33

affix

Back 33

bound morpheme attached to stem or root

Front 34

prefix

Back 34

an affix that is attached to the beginning of a morpheme or stemp
IN-tolerance

Front 35

suffix

Back 35

an affix that is attahed to end of morpheme or stem.
-er
tallER

Front 36

alphabetic abbreviation

Back 36

a word composed of the intials of several words and pronounced letter by letter
IE M.R.I

Front 37

antonynm

Back 37

words that are opposite with respect to one of their semantic propertiestall/short-->both describe height, opposite in regard toe xtend of the height

Front 38

back formation

Back 38

creation of a new word by removing an affix from an old word.
donate from donation
or by removing what is mistakenly considered an affix
edit from editor

Front 39

blocked

Back 39

a derivation that is prevented by a prior application of morphological rules.
communist
--don't need communite or communian, so they are not formed

Front 40

acronym

Back 40

word composed of intials of several words and prounced as such
MADD