Linguistics Chapter 1 & 2

Front 1

[p]

Back 1

pat

Voiceless bilabial stop

Front 2

[b]

Back 2

bat

Voiced Bilabial Stop

Front 3

[f]

Back 3

fine

Voiceless Labiodental Fricative

Front 4

[v]

Back 4

vine

Voiced Labiodental Fricative

Front 5

[θ]

Back 5

(theta)

ether

Voiceless interdental fricative

Front 6

[ð]

Back 6

(eth)

either

Voiced Interdental Fricative

Front 7

[t]

Back 7

time

Voiceless alveolar stop

Front 8

[d]

Back 8

dime

Voiced Alveolar Stop

Front 9

[s]

Back 9

see

Voiceless Alveolar Fricative

Front 10

[z]

Back 10

Zee

Voiced Alveolar Fricative

Front 11

[k]

Back 11

Cot

Voiceless velar stop

Front 12

[g]

Back 12

Got

Voiced velar stop

Front 13

[h]

Back 13

High

Voiceless glottal fricative

Front 14

[ʃ]

Back 14

(esh)

She

Voiceless alveopalatal fricative

Front 15

[Ʒ]

Back 15

(yogh)

Beige/Treasure

Voiced alveopalatal fricative

Front 16

[tʃ]

Back 16

batch

Voiceless alveopalatal affricate

Front 17

[dʒ]

Back 17

Badge

Voiced alveopalatal affricate

Front 18

ʔ

Back 18

uh-uh (break in mid word)

ɡlottal stop

Front 19

ŋ

Back 19

(eng)

Ding (ng)

Voiced velar nasal

Front 20

[m]

Back 20

Dim

Voiced bilabial nasal

Front 21

[n]

Back 21

Din

Voiced Alveolar nasal

Front 22

[j]

Back 22

Yes

Voiced palatal glide

Front 23

[w]

Back 23

Wood

Voiced labiovelar glide

Front 24

[l]

Back 24

Light/lead

Voiced Alveolar Lateral Liquid

Front 25

[r]

Back 25

Right/red

Voiced Alveolar Retroflex Liquid

Front 26

[i]

Back 26

'teak' [tik]

High front tense unrounded

Front 27

[ɪ]

Back 27

(small cap I)

'tick' [tɪk]

High front lax unrounded

Front 28

[ej]

Back 28

'take' [tejk]

Mid front tense unrounded

*In other dialects of English can be represented as [e]

Front 29

[ɛ]

Back 29

(epsilon)

'tech' [tɛk]

Mid front lax unrounded

Front 30

[æ]

Back 30

(ash)

'tack' [tæk]

'tack' [tæk]Low front lax unrounded

Low front lax unrounded

Front 31

[u]

Back 31

'toque' [tuk]

High back tense rounded

Front 32

[ʊ]

Back 32

(Upsilon)

'took' [tʊk]

High back lax rounded vowel

Front 33

[ow]

Back 33

'token' [towkən]

Mid back tense rounded vowel

*[o] in other english dialects

Front 34

[ɔ]

Back 34

'torque' [tɔrk]

'torque'Mid back lax rounded vowel

Mid back lax rounded vowel

Front 35

[ɑ]

Back 35

(Written a)

'talk' or 'tock' [tɑk]

Low back tense unrounded vowel

Front 36

[a]

Back 36

(printed a)

'dark' [dark]

Low back lax unrounded vowel

Front 37

[ʌ]

Back 37

(Wedge or carat)

'but' [bʌt] or 'some' [sʌm]

Mid back lax unrounded vowel

Front 38

[ə]

Back 38

(schwa)

'sofa' [sowfə] or 'about' [əbawt]

Mid back lax unrounded reduced vowel

Front 39

[aj]

Back 39

'buy' [baj] or 'sigh' [saj]

Major diphthong

Front 40

[aw]

Back 40

'bough' [baw] or 'sow' [saw]

Major diphthong

Front 41

[oj]

Back 41

'boy' [boj] or 'soy' [soj]

Major diphthong

Front 42

[ʌj]

Back 42

'right' [rʌjt]

Canadian raising

Front 43

[ʌw]

Back 43

'clout' [clʌwt]

Canadian raising

Front 44

Bilabial

Back 44

p, b, m

Sounds made usinɡ both lips

Front 45

Labiodental

Back 45

f, v

Involvinɡ the lower lip and upper teeth

Front 46

Interdental

Back 46

θ, ð

Sounds produced with the tonɡue between the teeth

Front 47

Alveolar

Back 47

t, d, s, z, n, l, r

when the tonɡue touches or is brouɡht near the alveolar ridɡe (located just behind the upper teeth)

Front 48

Alveopalatal

Back 48

ʃ, ʒ, ʤ, ʧ

Tonɡue touches or approaches the roof of the mouth behind the Alveolar ridɡe

Front 49

Palatal

Back 49

j

Tonɡue touches or nears the hiɡhest point in the roof mouth

Front 50

Velar

Back 50

k, ɡ, ŋ, w

Tonɡue touches or nears the velum (soft part at back of mouth roof)

Front 51

Glottal

Back 51

ʔ, h

Sounds produced in the vocal chords