Major.ling1 Basic Concepts In Linguistics

Front 1

Morpheme

Back 1

a unit of language that conveys meaning, that would lose that particular meaning when divided further.

Morpheme |Phoneme|Grapheme |Lexeme |Tagmeme|Taxeme

Front 2

lexical morpheme

Back 2

Which between lexical morpheme and grammatical morpheme is one that has meaning (a sense) by itself?

lexical morpheme | grammatical morpheme

Front 3

grammatical morpheme

Back 3

Which between lexical morpheme and grammatical morpheme specifies a relationship between other morphemes?

lexical morpheme | grammatical morpheme

Front 4

A glyph

Back 4

It is a particular representation of a character, like written in a different style (say, sans serif versus calligraphic) to mean the same character

glyph|character

Front 5

Character

Back 5

It is the abstract represented concept. In other words, it may be written in a different style (say, sans serif versus calligraphic) but what it stands for remains the same.

glyph|character

Front 6

Phonemes

Back 6

These are the smallest unit of sound that makes up a complete word.

Morpheme |Phoneme|Grapheme |Lexeme |Tagmeme|Taxeme

Front 7

a grapheme

Back 7

It is the smallest unit of a writing system of any given language. It may or may not carry meaning by itself, and may or may not correspond to a single phoneme of the spoken language

Morpheme |Phoneme|Grapheme |Lexeme |Tagmeme|Taxeme

Front 8

44

Back 8

How many phonemes are there in English?

Front 9

26

Back 9

How many letters are in the English alphabet?

Front 10

4 phonemes, 4 graphemes, and 5 letters

Back 10

How many phonemes, graphemes and letters are there in the word SPOON?

Front 11

Phonemes are sound while graphemes are written patterns in the word that represent a sound.

Back 11

Whats the difference between a grapheme from a phoneme?

Front 12

Digraph

Back 12

It is a two-letter grapheme that makes one sound. For example, consider the “ch” in choose, “sh” in shut, or “oa” in boat

Front 13

diacritic mark

Back 13

It is a mark written above or below a letter that changes its usual pronunciation.

diacritic|punctuation|elision

Front 14

Punctuation Marks

Back 14

These are roughly the non-phonetic written details of a language and they include marks, capitalisation word spacing, and to some degree indentation.

diacritic|punctuation|elision

Front 15

Elision

Back 15

the omission of a sound or syllable when speaking (as in I'm, let's, e ' en ).

diacritic|punctuation|elision

Front 16

Acute Accent diacritic mark

RECALL TIP:

The mark is reminiscent to a C. The right side is always at the top.

Back 16

This diacritic mark (´) often indicates primary stress (as in ópera or operátic) in many English dictionaries

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 17

Accute Accent Diacritic Mark

Back 17

What diacritic mark can be found in the followong words:

Résumé & Café

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 18

Grave diacritic Mark

RECALL TIP:

It looks like the first half of V, a letter found in graVe but not in ACUTE.

Back 18

This diacritic (`) often indicates secondary stress (as in óperàte) in many English dictionaries.

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 19

Grave diacritic mark

Back 19

What diacritic mark can be found in

à propos

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 20

cedilla

Back 20

What diacritic mark can be attached to the bottom of the letter c in French-loan words indicates a "soft" c.

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 21

Cedilla

Back 21

What diacritic mark can be found in this word: FAÇADE

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 22

O perate, o is in primary stress and A is secondary

Back 22

What syllable is the primary stress of this word:

óperàte

Front 23

Circumflex

RECALL TIP:

It looks like the lower part of an X of which circumfleX has.

Back 23

This diacritic (ˆ) often indicates reduced primary stress.

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 24

Circumflex and Grave diacritic marks

Back 24

What diacritic marks can be found in

tête-à-tête

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 25

Umlaut (also called diaresis)

RECALL TIP:

We read this as OM-LAOT. We produce the O sound. Also, dia means TWO so you see two dots on top for DIARESIS.

Back 25

A diacritic mark: A superposed pair of dots indicating vowel quality in Germanic languages.

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 26

Umlaut

Back 26

Which diacritic mark can be found in the word: führer?

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 27

dieresis

Back 27

What is another word for the diacritic mark: Umlaut?

Front 28

Tilde

RECALL TIP:

It looks like the head of a T without its body. Lols.

Back 28

A diacritic mark that can be found in Spanish loan words, and it indicates a /y/ sound added to a consonant.

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 29

Tilde

Back 29

Which diacritic mark can be found in cañon and piña colada.

acute accent| grave| cedilla| circumflex |umlaut|tilde

Front 30

Lexeme

Back 30

It is the smallest or minimal unit of lexicon in a language that bears some “meaning” It is a headword that can take up inflected variants.

Morpheme |Phoneme|Grapheme |Lexeme |Tagmeme|Taxeme

Front 31

Go

Back 31

From which lexeme did the following come from?

[g, g and o, go,going, goes, went, gone, all of them]

Front 32

Word

Back 32

In language, it is the smallest element that may be pronounced in isolation, unlike the smallest unit of meaning which does not necessarily stand on its own.

Front 33

Backslash (\) and forward slash (/)

Back 33

What are the types of slashes?

Front 34

Backslash

Back 34

Which type of slash is used only for computer coding?

Backslash (\) | forward slash (/)

Front 35

The forward slash

Back 35

Which type of slash is often simply referred to as a slash, is a punctuation mark used in English.

Backslash (\) | forward slash (/)

Front 36

Hyphen

Back 36

What punctuation marks are used to join two words or parts of words together and to separate syllables of a single word? This is done in order to avoid confusion or ambiguity.

hyphen|en dash|em dash

Front 37

em dash

Back 37

We use the TYPE OF DASH to create a strong break in the structure of a sentence. Dashes can be used in pairs like parentheses—that is, to enclose a word, or a phrase, or a clause (as we’ve done here)—or they can be used alone to detach one end of a sentence from the main body.

hyphen|en dash|em dash

Front 38

en dash

Back 38

This TYPE OF DASH means, quite simply, “through.” We use it most commonly to indicate inclusive dates and numbers: July 9–August 17; pp. 37–59.

hyphen|en dash|em dash

Front 39

Hyphen, en dash (same width with N), and em dash (same width with M)

Back 39

Arrange the following from shortest to longest:

em dash, hyphen, en dash

Front 40

The instructions were written on pages 33–47.

[Use an en dash, not a hyphen, to indicate inclusive page numbers.]

Back 40

Can you spot any errors in the use of the hyphen, the en dash, or the em dash in the following sentence?

The instructions were written on pages 33-47.

Front 41

The conference will be held June 30–July 2 on Hilton Head Island.

[Use an en dash, not a hyphen, to indicate inclusive dates. Do not space before or after dashes.]

Back 41

Can you spot any errors in the use of the hyphen, the en dash, or the em dash in the following sentence?

The conference will be held June 30 – July 2 on Hilton Head Island.

Front 42

Juan tried begging, bribing, and even demanding cooperation from his staff—all of whom were swamped with other work—before he gave up and wrote the report himself.

[Use em dashes, not hyphens, to indicate a break in thought.]

Back 42

Can you spot any errors in the use of the hyphen, the en dash, or the em dash in the following sentence?

Juan had tried begging, bribing, and even demanding cooperation from his staff-all of whom were swamped with other work-before he gave up and wrote the report himself.

Front 43

No one—not even the president—realized the company would have to dissolve so quickly.

[Use em dashes, not hyphens, to show a break in thought. Do not space before or after dashes.]

Back 43

Can you spot any errors in the use of the hyphen, the en dash, or the em dash in the following sentence?

No one – not even the president – realized the company would have to dissolve so quickly.

Front 44

When using the hyphen, the en dash, or the em dash, put NO SPACE either before or after them. The ONLY EXCEPTION is with a hanging hyphen (see, for example, the word “nineteenth” in the phrase “nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature”).

Back 44

Should there be a space between the dash/hyphen and the word? Explain your answer.

Front 45

Police Phonetic Alphabet

Back 45

What alphabet is this?

Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliet, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, Papa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu

Front 46

Prefix, Suffix and Infix

Back 46

Three affixes in English

Front 47

Phonology

Back 47

This studies the combination of sounds into organized units of speech, the combination of syllables and largerunits

Discourse|Pragmatics|Semantics|Syntax|Morphology|Phonetics|Phonology

Front 48

Phonetics

Back 48

This studies language at the level of sounds: how sounds are articulated by the human speech mechanism.

Discourse|Pragmatics|Semantics|Syntax|Morphology|Phonetics|Phonology

Front 49

Morphology

Back 49

This studies the patterns of forming words by combining sounds into minimal distinctive units of meaningscalled morphemes.

Discourse|Pragmatics|Semantics|Syntax|Morphology|Phonetics|Phonology

Front 50

Syntax

Back 50

It deals with how words combine to form phrases, clauses, and sentences, and studies the way phrases, clauses,and sentences are constructed.

Discourse|Pragmatics|Semantics|Syntax|Morphology|Phonetics|Phonology

Front 51

Semantics

Back 51

It attempts to analyze the structure of meaning in language and deals with the level of meaning in language.

Discourse|Pragmatics|Semantics|Syntax|Morphology|Phonetics|Phonology

Front 52

Pragmatics

Back 52

It deals with the contextual aspects of meaning in particular situations; studies how language is used in real communication.

Discourse|Pragmatics|Semantics|Syntax|Morphology|Phonetics|Phonology

Front 53

Discourse

Back 53

It studies chunks of language which are bigger than a single sentence.

Discourse|Pragmatics|Semantics|Syntax|Morphology|Phonetics|Phonology

Front 54

Phoneme

Back 54

.It is a distinctive, contrasted sound unit, e.g. /b/, /æ/, /g/.

Morpheme |Phoneme|Grapheme |Lexeme |Tagmeme|Taxeme

Front 55

Phoneme

Back 55

It is the smallest unit of sound of any language that causes a difference in meaning.

Morpheme |Phoneme|Grapheme |Lexeme |Tagmeme|Taxeme

Front 56

allophones

allo- means different

Back 56

A predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme. For example, the aspirated t of top, the unaspirated t of stop, and the tt (pronounced as a flap) of batter are ______ of the English phoneme /t/.

Front 57

allophone

Back 57

An example of an _______ is the short sound of the "a" in mat and the long sound of the "a" in mad.

Front 58

c. can be divided into smaller meaningful parts without violating its meaning,

SHOULD BE:

Morpheme is a short segment of language which (1) is a word or word part that has meaning, (2) cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts without violating its meaning, (3) recurs in different words with a relatively stablemeaning.

Back 58

Which of the following is NOT true about morpheme?

a. is a short segment of language

b. is a word or word part that has meaning,

c. can be divided into smaller meaningful parts without violating its meaning,

d. recurs in different words with a relatively stable meaning.

Front 59

allomorphy

allo- means different

Back 59

It refers to any of the versions of a morpheme.

For the plural morpheme, the plural endings s (as in bats ), z (as in bugs ), and iz (as in buses ) show a morpheme with different versions.

Front 60

a. brace marks { _ }

Back 60

How are morphemes indicated in linguistics?

a. brace marks { _ }

b. parenthesis ( _ )

c. brackets [ _ ]

d. slashes /_ /

Front 61

d. slashes /_ /

Back 61

How are phonemes indicated in linguistics?

a. brace marks { _ }

b. parenthesis ( _ )

c. brackets [ _ ]

d. slashes /_ /

Front 62

two

deliver = free

-ed = bound

Back 62

How many morphemes are there in the word:

Identify its free and bound morphemes

delivered

Front 63

three

agree = free

dis- ; -ment = bound

Back 63

How many morphemes are there in the word: Identify its free and bound morphemes

disagreement

Front 64

three

mean = free

-ing; -less = boud

Back 64

How many morphemes are there in the word: Identify its free and bound morphemes

meaningless

Front 65

Free Morpheme

Back 65

Between free morpheme and bound morpheme, which of them can stand on their own as independent words? e.g., beauty in beautifully, like in unlikely. Thus,they can occur in isolation

Front 66

Bound morphemes

Back 66

Between free morpheme and bound morpheme, which of them cannot stand on their own as independent words? These morphemes are also called as affixes.

Front 67

Derivational morpheme

Inflectional morpheme

Back 67

Bound morphemes are of two varieties. What are those?

Front 68

Inflectional Morpheme

Back 68

Between the two varieties of bound morpheme, which one never changes the form class of the words or morphemes to which they are attached? Theyshow person, tense, number, case, and degree.

Front 69

Derivational Morpheme

Back 69

Between the two varieties of bound morpheme, which one is added to root morphemes or stems to create new words? It may involve changing the word class, identity, and category of the word.

Front 70

Derivational Morpheme

In all cases, the derived word means something different than the root, and the word class may change with each derivation.

Back 70

Between the two varieties of bound morpheme, which one is observed in the example?

happy (adjective) – happiness (noun)

examine (verb) – examination (noun)

Front 71

Derivational Morpheme

In all cases, the derived word means something different than the root, and the word class may change with each derivation.

Back 71

Between the two varieties of bound morpheme, which one is observed in the example?

beauty (noun) – beautiful (adjective) – beautifully (adverb)

danger (noun) – dangerous (adjective)

Front 72

Derivational Morpheme

Derivation does not always cause the change of word class; but in such a case, the meaning of a word will usually be significantly different from the root.

Different meaning from the root (different category) but still in the same word classes

Back 72

Between the two varieties of bound morpheme, which one is observed in the example?

visible (Adjective)– invisible (Adjective)

create (verb) – recreate (verb)

Front 73

Derivational Morpheme

Derivation does not always cause the change of word class; but in such a case, the meaning of a word will usually be significantly different from the root.

Different meaning from the root (different category) but still in the same word classes

Back 73

Between the two varieties of bound morpheme, which one is observed in the example?

market (noun) – supermarket (noun)

terminate (verb) – determinate (verb)

Front 74

b. It always causes a change of word class.

Happy - adj

Unhappy - adj

Back 74

Which is FALSE about derivational morphemes?

a. It does not always cause a change of word class.

b. It always causes a change of word class.

c. It is a type of bound morpheme.

d. It is added to create a new word.

Front 75

Inflectional Morpheme

Past Tense (regular verb –ed)

Progressive (-ing form)

Back 75

Between the two varieties of bound morpheme, which one is observed in the example?

walk (verb)- walked (verb)

walk – walking (verb) (verb)

Front 76

Inflectional Morpheme

Person (the addition of “s” for 3rd person

singular)

Plurality (the “s” in plural form)

Back 76

Between the two varieties of bound morpheme, which one is observed in the example?

walk (verb) – walks (verb)

car (noun) – cars (noun)

Front 77

“A morpheme is indicated as one or more morphs (surface forms) in different environments. These morphs are called allomorphs”.

Compare with:

“A phoneme is indicated as one or more phones (phonetic sounds) in different environments. These phones are called allophones”.

Allomorphs refer to one grapheme with many possible pronunciation. - ED and - S may all have different phonemes.

Allophones refer to one phoneme with many possible pronunciation. /a/ could be read many ways.

Back 77

How are allomorphs and allophones different?

Front 78

allomorphs

Back 78

The _____ of a morpheme are derived from phonological rules and any morphophonemic rules that may apply to that morpheme.

Front 79

allomorphs

Back 79

The plural morphemes in English, usually written as {s}, has at least three ______:

{s} as in hats /‘hæts/

{z} as in dogs /‘dɒgz/

{ɪz} as in boxes /‘bɒksɪz/

Front 80

allomorphs

Back 80

The past form morpheme {ed} usually has also three _______:

{d} as in slammed /‘slæmd/

{t} as in slipped /‘slɪpt/

{ɪd} as in stilted /‘stɪltɪd/

Front 81

allomorphs

Back 81

What is observed in the negative morpheme which changes “n” the prefix {in} to the consonant of the word it prefixes:

{ ɪ l} as in illegal /ɪ’li:gl/

{ɪm} as in impatient /ɪm’ peɪʃnt/

{ɪr} as in irregular /ɪ’regjələ(r)/

{ɪn} as in inconsiderate /ɪnkən’sɪdərət

Front 82

structure of predication

structure of complementation

structure of coordination

structure of modification

Back 82

What are the four syntactic structures?

Front 83

Phrase:

Phrasal categories refer to the function of the phrase; this includes noun phrase, verbal phrase, adjectival phrase, adverbial phrase, and prepositional phrase: a total of FIVE.)

Back 83

This refers to a group of words that has a canonical structure and form a constituent.

word

phrase

sentence

Front 84

Head

Back 84

In the phrasal category, this refers to the word the phrase is built around gives the phrase its name and usually contributes to the principal meaning of the phrase.

head|specifier|complement

Front 85

Specifier - they come BEFORE the head

example:

Noun Phrase: these cats

specifier: these

head: cats

Back 85

In the phrasal category, this refers to a word or phrase that marks a boundary for the phrase; typically functions to further refine the meaning of the phrase.

head|specifier|complement

Front 86

Complement - comes after the head

example:

Noun Phrase: cabin by the lake

head: cabin

complement: the PP, by the lake

Back 86

In the phrasal category, this refers to phrases that follow the head and typically provide further information about the entities or location implied by head.

head|specifier|complement

Front 87

head

specifier

complement

Back 87

What are the three possible components of phrasal categories?

Front 88

Pro = pronoun

P = preposition

PP = prepositional phrase

NP = noun phrase

VP = verb phrase

Back 88

What do the following syntactic labels mean?

Pro

P

PP

NP

VP

Front 89

S = sentence

Det = determiner

N = noun

V = verb

NP = noun phrase

VP = verb phrase

Back 89

What do the following syntactic labels mean?

S

Det

N

V

NP

VP

Front 90

a. The young man = Noun Phrase (NP); man

b. extremely pleasant = AdjP; pleasant

c. has been singing = VP; singing

d. very quickly = AdvP; quickly

e. by the plane = PP; by

Back 90

Identify the type of phrase of the following and its headword:

a. The young man

b. extremely pleasant

c. has been singing

d. very quickly

e. by the plane

Front 91

STRUCTURE OF PREDICATION

Back 91

Which syntactic structure is concerned with the properties or features of the verb which acts as the predicate and with the features of the noun which serves as the subject of the sentence?

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 92

PERSON

Verb person indicates who is acting. There are three options in English: first person (I or we), second person (you) or third person (he, she, it or they).

Back 92

Of the seven distinctive property of verbs, what is being referred to in the example:

"I" and "We" take the plural form; while "he" or "she" takes the singular form.

Person|Tense|Aspect|Modal|Voice|Mood|Number

Front 93

TENSE

Back 93

Of the seven distinctive property of verbs, what is being referred to in the example:

This locates verbs in time and shows past time, present time or future time.

Past: Yesterday I swam.

Present: Today I swim.

Future: Tomorrow I will swim

Person|Tense|Aspect|Modal|Voice|Mood|Number

Front 94

ASPECT

Back 94

Of the seven distinctive property of verbs, what is being referred to in the example:

It shows whether or not an action or occurrence (event) is completed or not.

Person|Tense|Aspect|Modal|Voice|Mood|Number

Front 95

MODAL

Back 95

Of the seven distinctive property of verbs, what is being referred to in the example:

can fly

may take

could join

should plan

Person|Tense|Aspect|Modal|Voice|Mood|Number

Front 96

VOICE

Voice only applies to transitive verbs and it is either active or passive. Active voice demonstrates that the subject is the one performing the action, whereas passive voice indicates that the subject is receiving the verb’s action.

Back 96

Of the seven distinctive property of verbs, what is being referred to in the example:

This property indicates the relationship between the Subject and the Verb of a sentence.

The zombie ate some brains.

The brain was eaten by the zombie.

Person|Tense|Aspect|Modal|Voice|Mood|Number

Front 97

MOOD

Back 97

Of the seven distinctive property of verbs, what is being referred to in the example:

It is used to refer to a verb category or form which indicates whether the verb expresses a fact, a command, a question, a condition, or a wish or possibility.

Person|Tense|Aspect|Modal|Voice|Mood|Number

Front 98

NUMBER

Back 98

Of the seven distinctive property of verbs, what is being referred to in the example:

A verb will be either singular or plural and it must agree with its subject.

Person|Tense|Aspect|Modal|Voice|Mood|Number

Front 99

STRUCTURE OF MODIFICATION

Back 99

Which syntactic structure:

It is made up of two components: a head or main word and a modifier that serves to qualify, broaden, specify or in some way affect the meaning of the head.

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 100

STRUCTURE OF MODIFICATION

Back 100

Which syntactic structure:

Angry, old men

Head: Men

Modifier: Angry, old

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 101

STRUCTURE OF MODIFICATION

Back 101

Which syntactic structure:

Boy who is seated next to me

Head: Boy

Modifier: who is seated next to me

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 102

STRUCTURE OF COMPLEMENTATION

Back 102

Which syntactic structure:

This refers to the different complements that linking and transitive predicate verbs may take to complete the comment that they make about the subject.

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 103

STRUCTURE OF COMPLEMENTATION

Back 103

Which syntactic structure:

[Subject + Linking Verb + Subjective Complement] = She is beautiful.

[Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object + Objective Complement] = She called her mom.

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 104

STRUCTURE OF COMPLEMENTATION

Back 104

Which syntactic structure:

[Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object] = She called her.

[Subject + Transitive Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object] = She gave him food.

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 105

STRUCTURE OF COORDINATION

Back 105

Which syntactic structure:

This structure consists of two or more syntactically equivalent units by connectors to form a structure which acts as a single unit.

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 106

STRUCTURE OF COORDINATION

Back 106

Which syntactic structure:

alone but happy

not only happy but also excited

predication|complementation|coordination|modification

Front 107

Lexical ambiguity

Back 107

In semantics, this refers to the characteristic of a word that has more than one meaning.

Lexical ambiguity|Syntactic ambiguity

Front 108

Syntactic ambiguity

Back 108

In semantics, this refers to the characteristic of a phrase that has more than one meaning e.g. Filipino teacher.

Lexical ambiguity|Syntactic ambiguity

Front 109

tagmeme - It consists of one or more taxemes, where a taxeme is a primitive grammatical feature, in the same way that a phoneme is a primitive phonological feature.

Back 109

According to the scheme set out by Leonard Bloomfield in his book Language (1933), this is the smallest meaningful unit of grammatical form.

Morpheme |Phoneme|Grapheme |Lexeme |Tagmeme|Taxeme

Front 110

Taxeme

Back 110

If phoneme is a primitive phonological feature, what is the primitive grammatical feature?

Morpheme |Phoneme|Grapheme |Lexeme |Tagmeme|Taxeme

Front 111

There are only eight inflectional morphemes in the English language—and they’re all suffixes.

Back 111

How many inflectional morphemes are there in English?

Front 112

X-bar theory

Back 112

Which theory makes the simple proposal that every phrase in every sentence in every language is organized the same way. Every phrase has a head, and each phrase might contain other phrases in the complement or specifier position.

Front 113

Four

Back 113

How many aspects of verbs are there in English?

Front 114

Simple, Perfect, Progressive, and Perfect Progressive

Back 114

What are the four aspects of verbs in English?

Front 115

3 basic tenses x four aspects = 12 tenses in English

Back 115

How many verb tenses are there in English?

Front 116

diphthongs

Back 116

It is a sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as in coin, loud, and side ).

Front 117

8 diphthongs

Back 117

How many diphthongs are there in English?

Front 118

The clear difference is that digraphs are letters and diphthongs are sounds. ... The morpheme phthong means “sound”, making the word diphthong refer to a sound that has two parts. If you understand the meaning of the morphemes in each word, you will never confuse them again. A digraph is two letters that spell one sound (ss, sh, ph, ch) . Unlike to digraph, individual sounds are heard in blends (pl, str, nt) .

Back 118

How are diphthongs different from digraphs?