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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
neutralization and neutralizing rules
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when an allophone is a member of two phonemes, you cannot tell which phoneme it belongs to when just looking at it in a word. English flap is an allophone of both /t/ & /d/. Contrast between /t/ & /d/ is neutralized.
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onset, nucleus, coda, rime
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Part of a syllable. Onset is beginning consonant or consonant cluster. Rime contains nucleus and coda. Nucleus is the core component, required for a syllable- usually vowel or syllabic consonant.
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phonotactic constraints
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Restrictions on possible combinations of sounds- for example [pk] is not permitted in English.
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polysynthetic language
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A type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships.
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production (rules)
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Rules that speakers actually apply to form words that are not currently in use in a language. ie. use of -age to form nouns recently, or -ness.
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reduplication
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Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word (total reduplication) or apart of a word (partial reduplication).
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root vs. affix
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root- aka stem or base. A content morpheme in a given word. Carries symantic content rather than performing a grammatical function.)
Affixes- bound morphemes that change the meaning or syntactic function of a word |
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suppletion
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A relationship between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other. ie past tense of go is went, not goed.
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synthetic
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languages in which affixes are attached to other morphemes, so that a word may be made up of several meaningful elements.
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zero derivation
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forming of a different part of speech without changing the pronunciation nor spelling of word. butter (noun) becomes butter (verb).
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Imitation vs. Reinforcement vs Active Construction.
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Immitation- theory that children learn language by hearing and repeating.
Reinforcement- theory that children learn language because they are praised for speaking. Active Construction- theory that children invent the rules of grammar themselves. |