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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Linguistic Anthropology?
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Linguistic anthropology explores how language shapes communication, forms social identity and group membership, organizes large-scale cultural beliefs and ideologies, and develops a common cultural representation of natural and social worlds.
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Linguistics
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Linguistics is the study or science of language.
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Anthropology
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The study of humanity. What defines human life and society?
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Phonology
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sound
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Syntax
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grammatical requirements.
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An officially accepted word goes in what?
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Oxford English Dictionary
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slang
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words created by stigmatized groups or the disadvantaged
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linguistic innovation
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words created by an advantaged group
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Linguistic Anthropologists originated how?
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By studying endangered languages.
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Intonation
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variation of pitch
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Define, There is no meaning without context.
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If someone says table. We all have a dif picture in our heads. Table means dif things to dif people. Funny is another example. Without knowing who said it and where, we don't know what it means.
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Any violation of the norm is taken as?
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meaning something.
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Natural boundaries become what?
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linguistic boundaries
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Phoneme
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is the smallest unit of recognizable sound in a language or dialect
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Morpology
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The study of word formation.
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Semantics
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is the study of meaning that is used by humans to express themselves through language
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Linguistic Semantics
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Within this view, sounds, facial expressions, body language, and proxemics have semantic (meaningful) content, and each has several branches of study. In written language, such things as paragraph structure and punctuation have semantic content
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Syntax
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Grammar, word order, the requirements of a sentence.
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The International Phonetic Alphabet
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Scientific classification of sounds.
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articulation
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the production of sound, location of and manner of. Like where in your mouth you made the sound.
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bilabial
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two lips - B
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labiodental
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lip to tooth - f
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dental
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teeth together - t
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alveolar
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tongue against the ridge just above the front teeth - l
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retroflex
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tongue backward - y as in yet
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glottal sounds
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made by trapping air
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voiced sounds
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closed and vibrating - b
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unvoiced sounds
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open - p
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nasal sounds
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m/n
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English language has how many sounds
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44 sounds
13 vowel sounds 31 consonant sounds |
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Language with the smallest number of sounds
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Hawaiians 13
Rottakas - 11 |
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Languages with the largest sounds
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!xu - 141
kung1 - 96/98 both in Southern Africa |
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morpheme
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the smallest meaningful unit in grammar
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how many morphemes does booksellers have?
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4
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Do affixes stand alone in morphemes?
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no
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What are affixes?
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prefix - re
suffix - ed affix - in the middle |
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What is a freestanding morpheme? This Stands alone.
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a word that stands alone like
cat dog turn throw |
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what is a Nonfreestanding morpheme? This is dependent
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all affixes
like s re ed |
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morophemes modify what?
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the meaning of the words
amigo amiga changes the gender |
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case
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classification of nouns
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Isolating Language - easiest.
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is a language in which almost every word consists of a single morpheme
Vietnamese |
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A polysynthetic language is
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is a language in which words tend to consist of several morphemes
Most complex arctic Canada |
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Agglutinating language is
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sentences are simple but words are complex
Hungarian Finnish |
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Syntax
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the rules for word order to create sentences
for us, subject, verb, object SVO all languages have a rules of order |
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SOV
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latin, Korean
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VOS
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VOS – Philippines
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VSO
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VSO – welsh Hawaiian
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OBV
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OBV – the rarest – the syntax of yoda
A brave man, your father was. |
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Semantics
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makes a sentence coherent
the study of meaning in language Within this view, sounds, facial expressions, body language, and proxemics have semantic (meaningful) content |
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paralanguage
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The study of vocal (and sometimes non-vocal) signals beyond the basic verbal message or speech. This includes pitch, loudness, rate, and fluency.
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metalinguistics
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The study of the interrelationship between language and other cultural behavior.
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intonation
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the rise and fall of your voice, or the rise and fall of pitch that tells us what you're saying
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elements - how you produce sound
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stress
pitch length loudness |
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stress
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emphasis of sound, changes the meaning of word by what you emphasize. ex. where is the money?
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pitch
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sometimes called tone, the frequency of sound.
ex. raising the pitch at the end makes it a question |
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length
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exaggeration, emphasis
ex. yeah the duration of a vowel, syllable |
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loudness
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the intensity of the sound
ex. don't sleep in class |
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ethnography
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the study and systematic recording of human cultures
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speech community
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the group to which a particular ethnographic description applies. you can be part of more than one speech community
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speech situation
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the group to which a particular ethnographic description applies
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speech events
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takes place within a speech situation and is composed of 1 or more speech actions (conversation)
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speech act
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joke, greetings
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interpretation
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reading between the lines
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instrumentalities
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includes both channels and forms of speech
channel the way the message travels from one to another forms language and their subdivision, dialects, code, varieties, registers |
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norms
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both of interaction and interpretation
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genres
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categories like poems, myths, proverbs, lecture, commercial messages
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introspection
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when a scholar studies her own speech community
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participant observer
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participate in and observe the group
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philology
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The study of language from written historical sources and the use of written materials like etiquette books or newspapers advice columns
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What does SPEAKING stand for in the Speaking Model?
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scene/setting
particpiants ends - goals, purpose, outcomes a - act sequeence - like applauding a movie k - key i - instrumentality n - formal rules that govern the event g - genre |
