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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the study of how speech sounds are organized in the linguistic competence of a native speaker
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PHONOLOGY
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sounds accompanied by an extra puff of air
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ASPIRATED STOP
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part of a speaker's linguistic competence.
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PHONETIC INVENTORY
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Two words that differ by only one sound in the same position and they differ in meaning
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MINIMAL PAIRS
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Give a minimal pair where the sounds differ in the initial position:
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PAT/BAT
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Give a minimal pair where the sounds differ in the medial position:
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FAT/FIT
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Give a minimal pair where the sounds differ in the final position:
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SEE/SAW
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Word pairs that look much like minimal pairs and are nearly identical. These pairs show how certain sounds change the words' meaning.
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NEAR MINIMAL PAIRS
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an abstract concept used by linguists to represent each of the meaningful sounds in a native speaker's linguistic competence
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PHONEME
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The proceding and following sounds that surround a phoneme
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PHONETIC ENVIRONMENT
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Sounds stored in a native speaker's phonemic inventory are called
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PHONEME
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Sounds produced depending on the phonetic environment are called
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ALLOPHONE
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Phonemes are written between ____ and allophones are written between _____
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SLASHES; BRACKETS
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In transcription, nasal vowels are indicated by putting a ____ over the vowel
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tilde [~]
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If the transcription shows allophonic variation, as in [bĩn] 'bean', it is called
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NARROW TRANSCRIPTION
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If the transcription is less detailed and doesn't show allophonic variation, as in [bin] 'bean', it is called
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BROAD TRANSCRIPTION
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The phonemes of a language comprise the ___________ of that language.
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PHONETIC INVENTORY
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Vowel _____________ occurs when speakers unconsciously anticipate the lowering of the velum for a following nasal consonant.
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NASALIZATION
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___________ refers to sounds that are produced with an accompanying burst of air.
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ASPIRATION
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The _________________ of a language is organized to differentiate those sounds which contribute to meaningful differences in words from those which do not.
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PHONEMIC INVENTORY
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Different sounds that occur in exactly the same phonetic environment are said to be in
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COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION
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The ______________ of a particular sound is determined by the sounds that occur around it.
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PHONETIC ENVIRONMENT
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_____________ occur in contrastive distribution with other phonemes.
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ALLOPHONES
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Different sounds that cannot occur in the same environment are in _____________
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CONTRASTIVE DISTRIBUTION
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"where one sound can occur, the other one never does"
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COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION
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When speakers can substitute one sound for another in the same phonetic environment with no change in meaning
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FREE VARIATION
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occurs when the blockage of air flow is not released at the end of its articulation.
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UNRELEASED STOP
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The absence of possible sound sequences in a language
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ACCIDENTAL GAP
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Constraints on allowed and disallowed sound sequences
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PHONOTACTICS
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When phonological deletion occurs...
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a Phoneme is omitted in a particular phonetic environment
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Released and unreleased voiceless stops in English are in...
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FREE VARIATION
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Phonological contract is used to identify
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PHONEMES
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In English, nasal and non-nasal vowels are in..
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COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION
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Voiced and voiceless stops in English are/are not contrastive distribution
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ARE NOT
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Narrow transcrition shows ____ variation
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ALLOPHONIC
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