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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Semantics
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Has to do with meaning
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Polysemy
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When a morpheme (or word) has multiple meanings that are not associated with the speakers' minds
ex: nat = 'source, birth, tribe' |
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Homonym
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When two or more morphemes (or words) have the same form, but there's no relation in meaning
ex: in = 'not' in = 'into, towards' |
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Metaphoric shift
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Shift based on perceived resemblance in form or function
Ex: foot of the bed |
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Metonymic shift
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Shift based on a connection, but not because of resembling connection, often part-whole connection
ex: tongue for language, get your butt over here |
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Narrowing
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A meaning moves from general to specific
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Widening
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A change from specific to general
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Degeneration
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When a word with a good or neutral meaning acquires a negative connotation over time
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Amelioration
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When the meaning of the word gets better over time
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Phonetic
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Stress, rhythm, vowel qualities
ex: cot vs. caught |
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Lexical
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Word choice, frequency
ex: sneaker vs. tennis shoe, finna |
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Syntactic
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Word order, grammar
ex: I ought should do it |
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Dialect
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A particular form of a language that is identified with a common community (regional or social)
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Lingua franca
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A language variety that is used for communication where many different languages are spoken
ex: French in West Africa |
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Creole
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A language that developed from one or more groups that did not have a common language
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Prescriptive
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There is a correct way to speak and write a particular language
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Descriptive
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Describes the way a language is spoken
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Copula Absence
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ex: You in trouble, where you at?
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Completive done
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ex: He done worked
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Habitual be
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ex: He be walkin' (indicates usually)
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Umlaut
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ex: Foot/feet, tooth/teeth, goose/geese
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Zero plural
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ex: sheep/sheep, deer/deer
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alumnus
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alumni
Latin |
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cactus
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cacti
Latin |
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stimulus
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stimuli
Latin |
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alumna
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alumnae
Lantin |
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formula
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formulae
Latin |
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index
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indices
Latin |
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appendix
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appendices
Latin |
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datum
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data
Latin |
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animal
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animalia
Latin |
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opus
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opera
Latin |
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larynx
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larynges
Greek |
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crisis
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crises
Greek |
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basis
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bases
Greek |
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thesis
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theses
Greek |
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criterion
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criteria
Greek |
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bacterium
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bacteria
Greek |
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schema
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schemata
Greek |
