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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does globalization mean to the “skeptics” (cf. Giddens 2000)? Why?
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Skeptics dispute the whole idea of globalization. They believe that the world is carrying on just as it has for many years.
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What does globalization mean to the “radicals” (cf. Giddens 2000)? Why?
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Radicals argue that not only is globalization is very real, but that its consequences can be felt everywhere. Global trade is at an alltime high-information can be passed from nation to nation in an instant
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According to Beck (2000), Globality means … “new relations of power and competition, conflict and intersection, take shape between, on the one hand, national states and actors, and on the other hand, transnational actors, identities, social spaces, situations and processes” (p.21). Can you think of examples of the relations of power, competition, and conflict in the context of globalization?
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Presidential debate commercials,
Conflict over oil between the US and middle eastern countries |
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What do you think is the significance of Aïcha being selected as the best song of the year (1997) in France?
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Allowed acceptance of North American immigration.
Cultural glabalization |
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We live in a world of transformations. What does this statement mean?
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We are being propelled into a global order that no one fully understands, but which is making its effects felt upon all of us. It affects every aspect of what we do.
Culture is always growing and blossoming. |
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The gods must be crazy video
How does the video analyze the two cultures? a) Bushmen b) Urban South Africans |
a) the Bushmen are a group of people who are completely separated from the ever evolving world around them. They have their own language, no technology, live off the African land
b) the Urban South Africans are busy, always working, up to date with technology |
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The gods must be crazy video
What were the changes which occurred amongst the Bushmen after they found the bottle and why? |
New emotions were brought into play. They started to feel jealousy over the new object, anger when they didn't have it when they needed it, and they started to fight over it and with it. This is all because they never had to worry about sharing something because there was never a limited amount of something that needed to be shared.
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The gods must be crazy video
How does this video relate to globalization and what we have discussed previously (think 'We live in a world of transformations.')? |
It shows how a culture adapts to something new, just like cultures now are adapting to the ever changing world around them by incorporating other cultures into their own.
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The gods must be crazy video
How realistic and valid do you find the depictions in this video? Is there idealization? If so does the video still make an important point? |
Not very realistic--they idealized the Bushmen a little too much. They could not have been a perfectly happy group of people before the bottle fell. It's human nature to become angry. Still, it made an important point.
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What do you think is the main point of Deborah Cameron’s paper?
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We need to globalize communication, but how?
English changes between cultures-becomes localized Rules of speaking Self help books |
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Globalizing communication is really about REGULATING the way people talk.
True or False? State at least three reasons for your answer. |
True
1. English changes-becomes localized 2. In order to understand one another, cultures need the same dialect of English 3. Language can be localized, but also proper |
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Which of the following is important for good communication? Comment on
your choice(s), based on the reading. (a) Being articulate (b) Being direct (c) Being informal/egalitarian (d) Being emotionally expressive |
A, B, C, and D
This is American though--it could be difficult to transfer into other cultures ex) awkward silence in America is tradition at a Chinese dinner table |
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Define the following terms:
a) Egalitarian individualism b) Freedom of expression c) Righteous tolerance |
a) everyone is equal and unique
b) the right/duty to express yourself and your beliefs c) giving the opinion of others--respect |
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According to Maurais, What are some of the main trends in the new global
linguistic order? |
the unification of Germany, the disappearance of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe, the collapse of the USSR, ; the renaissance of China, the emergence of India
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European jurisprudence treats linguistic diversity as an obstacle to economic
integration. (TRUE/FALSE; comment on your choice, based on the reading). |
False--increasing continental
integration favours the spread of English, but several factors, such as national language policies, tend to slow down this trend |
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According to Christian Rolling, what is the biggest loser in internet-based globalization
(and what evidence does he provide)? Do you agree or disagree with Rolling’s claim? |
Grammar--texts, emails, emoticons, slang abbreviations, websites are better, but spelling mistakes are bound to happen still
I agree |
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According to John Hayden, what features of our globalized world make learning different
languages necessary? |
English is about as valuable as a computer in terms of the amount of cultural exchange and access to information it affords; English is a tool
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Why does Hayden believe that English use has become so widespread? Is the dominant
global position of English guaranteed to last? |
the US and England are two leading world powers/English is the language of science and business worldwide and continuing to grow;
depends on the dominant world power at the time |
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Mark Liberman points out some paradoxes in the spread of former colonial languages.
Describe the paradoxes related to language use in India, Iraq and former French colonies. |
Government trying to impose a national language on a multilingual race;
India-1950 constitution esta. Hindi as official language even though less that 1/6 of the pop. speaks it Iraq-Kurdish resist doing business is Arabic, even if their Arabic is perfect French colonies-lingua franca, yet many see English as better |
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Henry Hitchings argues that the “center of gravity” of English is moving. What does he
mean by this? Provide at least one example. |
Its future is going to be defined not in America or Britain, but by the new economies of places like Bangalore, Chongqing, and Bratislava
ex) nobody owns languages anymore |
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How realistic is Hitchings' claim that “People who have a stripped-down, second language knowledge of it may start to cut native speakers out of the equation.”
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Not very realistic--as English keeps spreading, local languages are already being lost; they will always stay in the background, but will probably be overrun. But we don't by that. They won't be run out entirely.
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What does the term culture refer to? How can it be useful? How is it problematic?
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large groups of people and what they have in common, from history to language, to location; at the same time is plays down possible differences among members
Problems--over-generalizations, stereotypes |
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What are some ways identified by Scollon & Scollon that discourse patterns can vary across cultures? How can this lead to intercultural miscommunication? Provide examples.
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They gave the example of the two business men meeting for the first time. One from China, the other American. The American man insisted that the Chinese man call him by his first name and insisted to use the Chinese man's given first name instead of his chosen American one. Although the American had the best intentions in mind, this led the Chinese man to feel uncomfortable.
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Discuss, using either your own experience or the readings, the contrast between kinship
relationships that emphasize hierarchy/deference and kinship relationships that emphasize individualism/egalitarianism. |
hierarchy/deference--relationship with a parent or any elder; do as they say, they are in charge of you
egalitarianism--relationship with siblings or cousins; mutual respect; equal |
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What four assumptions should be kept in mind in order to avoid stereotyping and essentializing when studying cultures? Why is this important?
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1. Humans are not all the same
2. Some of the differences among them show culturally or socially predictable patterns 3. Some of those patterns are reflected in patterns of discourse 4. Some of those differences in discourse patterns lead directly to unwanted social problems such as intergroup hostility, stereotyping, preferential treatment, and discrimination This is important because it shows that one's sense of identity is a composite of all those identities plus a complex and sometimes difficult interaction among them |
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After having read the paper, do you find the example at the beginning useful? Does it
seem believable? Why or why not? That aside, did you find it useful in illustrating intercultural misunderstandings? |
Yes; It seems very believable because this kind of thing happens all the time (even here at UIUC with international students and their professors); nonetheless, it was a very useful example of an intercultural miscommunication/misunderstanding
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1-800-India video
Did you notice any situations where the intersection between language and society was particularly evident? (Language or dialect use, or other features) |
Calls from nations other than India--Indian English is hard to understand for some Americans for example where they are used to hearing American English.
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1-800-India video
In what ways has the call center transformed the traditional family structures and social institutions of its workers? Can you relate this particularly to women? (This question relates to a comment in Giddens, 2000.) |
-The workers are starting to transform their family structure from traditional Indian to that mixed with newly found Western ideas. Same with their social structures.
-50% of employees are women which is transforming their social status within India and helping them immensely |
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1-800-India video
What does this video demonstrate, broadly speaking, regarding the impacts of globalization? |
It clearly demonstrates, not only its impact on women in general, but the entire structure of Indian social institutions and family life. Globalization impacts everything in a great manner.
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1-800-India video
Is globalization merely the 'McDonaldsization' of the world, as some have argued, or is it more complicated than that? Use examples from the video to make your point. |
It's more complicated than that. Globalization isn't some fad that could be replaced by another fad in an instant. It's impact is much greater than McDonald's as it reaches deeper into societies and stays for good.
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Cross Talk video
Think about the interaction between the welfare worker and the Anglo-Indian man? What differences in discourse led both to simultaneously misunderstand what the other meant and how the other felt? |
The Indian man was trying to apply for unemployment benefits, but he was under impression that they did not fall under welfare. The welfare worker was trying to explain that it did indeed fall under welfare, but the was he tried to explain didn't get through to the Indian man. Both were frustrated.
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Cross Talk video
What went wrong in the interaction between the Anglo-Indian man and the interviewers for the library? In what places did the cultural miscommunication occur? |
The Indian man didn't answer the interview questions directly, as is customary in India. The interviewers also thought he didn't actually want the job after he explained that he had applied everywhere else and this was almost a last resort. The interviewers didn't understand that he was trying to explain that he didn't get the other jobs because of racism and that he would work especially hard at the library to prove that he is a good worker.
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Cross Talk video
Explain the different ways which the following speech patterns can be understood by different cultures (think about both this video and previous videos/readings): 1. Silence 2. Loudness 3. Pitch 4. Hierarchy/Egalitarian 5. Others |
1. Awkward silence in America is the norm around a Chinese dinner table
2. Emphasis on certain syllables between cultures can be construed differently 3. Same as 2 4. The way different people are addressed changes between cultures (formal vs nonformal greetings) 5. any sort of differences in languages and culture can be construed differently depending on where the person is |
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Cross Talk video
Can you think of instances in your own life where differences in discourse patterns between cultures led to misunderstanding? If so, what differences caused the miscommunication? |
I always wanted to call my high school and junior high teachers by their first names if we were close, but it is customary in America to refer to teachers by their last name because they are considered our elders and that is how we show them respect.
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What are some of the appropriate uses of silence in different cultures?
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Athabaskan Indians consider it inappropriate to talk to strangers, therefore, they are silent most of the time.
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What are the common misconceptions about talk and silence?
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Negative stereotypes are found where one group of people who are more talkative, collide with a silent group of people like the Athabaskan Indians and they assume that the Indians are rude or even dumb because they don't talk at first.
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What are the different cultural conventions of “compliments”?
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not whether compliments should be accepted or deflected, but rather which compliments should be accepted and which deflected and how
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How is turn-taking realized in different cultures or groups (e.g., in men-women interactions)
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Cultures differ with respect to what is silence and when it is appropriate.
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Describe some differences in the use of directness/indirectness across cultures?
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Americans tend to dislike indirectness; many cultures have a problem saying no (Greece, Japan)
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When Gumperz refers to different conventions of speech, what is he referring to?
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The ways of signalling in speech our attitudes, our assumptions, and our expectations about what we are saying, about what the other person is saying, and about our relationship with the other person. These signals are very important in longer discussions.
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What are some of the areas Gumperz mentions where people with different cultural
backgrounds have different conventions of speech? Does this have to do with the level at which they speak English? |
Culture areas--although many languages are spoken, we tend to use the same cultural conventions in using them.
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When miscommunication occurs, the results can be “talking past each other” and
“talking in parallel”. What do these mean? What can this miscommunication lead to in terms of stereotypes and other related issues? |
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“Communication is power” (pg. 272) What does Gumperz mean by this? Why does this
make understanding the areas where miscommunication between cultures can occur so important? |
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What does Gumperz suggest people do to deal with the challenges that intercultural
communication can pose? Do you think this is the best solution? Why or why not? If not, what do you propose as a better solution? |
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What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? How does Tan feel about it? How do you?
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What did Tan's mother mean when she said “In America, a Chinese person could starve to death.”? (Connect this with Cross Talk and Gumperz.)
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Does Tan agree that the Chinese, by virtue of their language, are discreet and modest?
Why or why not? |
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When Tan says that the Chinese language is more “strategic” while English is more
direct, what does she mean? |
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Does Chinese have words for yes and no? Do they employ other means to say the same
thing? Explain with examples. |
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