Lines Of Defense

Front 1

innate immune system

Back 1

not specific and there is not memory involved something came into body identifies it as non-self and kills it

Front 2

innate defenses

Back 2

1 line: keretinized epithelial cells phsyical barrier, chemical skin vagina stomach acids saliva mucus resp and digestive

2nd line: phagocytes, neutriphils monocytes/macrophages , phagocytosis

Front 3

macrophages

Back 3

spit out left over pieces from phagocytosis, pieces released are nuetrilized fragments

macrphages will warn and activate the adaptive immune system

Front 4

inflammation

Back 4

part of the innate

leukocytes brought in marginate finally leave the blood and move to tissue via diapedesis then begin cardinal chemical messengers to bring help to the sight

Front 5

steps of inflammation

Back 5

1. release of chemicals: histimine basophils complement following phagocytosis

2.vasodilation

3. leakage of fluid w/ clotting factors and ab area

4. phagocyte mobilization

Front 6

adaptive defenses

Back 6

react against almost any type of ag,has memory, but must be presented w/ ag

Front 7

B/T Cells

Back 7

have a way of remembering what was broken down, the react faster and stronger w/ each exposure cannot be activated until after the innate has been activated

Front 8

stepwise path

Back 8

1st line defense, 2nd and then adaptive immune system

keeps the body in check

Front 9

antigen

Back 9

is a small piece of the bacteria that the T/B cells act on all non-self

antigeni determinants: portion of ag the ab or lymphocyte binds

Front 10

MCH

Back 10

all self cells contain MCH to prove to the immune system that they belong to self all MCH is self to one person no 2 individuals have the same MCH proteins

Front 11

antigen presenting cells

Back 11

macrophage and neutriphils

-ag presenting cell after it has engulfed and broken down a bacteria

-comes in contact w/ bacteria bring into cell break it down dump pieces which are now ag

-takes one small piece of the ag and puts it out on a cell surface protein presenting it to B/T Cells

Front 12

t cell

Back 12

react to the presented ag all t cells need to have the ag presented

Front 13

b cells

Back 13

react to the parts and pieces spit out of the macrophage

-create an army to find bacteria and help phagocyte s destroy it, recognize the ag processed by the phagocyte the proliferates when enough are made bcell changes its form to plasma cell and memory cells (takes days to weeks for trasnformation)

Front 14

plasma cells

Back 14

produce ab, ab are specific to the original ag that bonded w/ b cell

overview: b cell recognized something, makes plasma cell and plasma cell makes ab

Front 15

difference B/T cells

Back 15

t- help the phagocytes

b- cannot interact in thee same place as the t cells get in the way of each other

common: they both do not do anything with the entire bacteria

Front 16

antibodies

Back 16

aka immunoglobulins made by b cells after b cell saw spit out pieces and identified as nonself adn makes the AB,

y shaped 2 heavy 2 light chains help by disulfide bonds

variable region: is specific to only YOU where the ab can bind to ag

constant region: same on each ab

-help other cells in the body kill bacteria

-are proteins

Front 17

4 primary actions of antibodies

Back 17

1. neutrilization: ab cover the bacteria so it cannot adhere and hurt the host

2/3agglutination/presipitation: ab clump together from their consant region so bacteria can fall out of solution

4. complement: helps other activities in blood,

Front 18

memory cells

Back 18

are made by b cells

1st exposure: do nothing, starts to make MC

1st/2nd steps takes a week to make memory cells

2nd exposure: memory cell proliferates becomes plasma cell to make ab will go back and fight, alot faster b/c memory cells are already made so ab are already there and go staright to killing

Front 19

cell mediated immunity

Back 19

t cells are more simple than b cells, made in thymus

when activated make 2 diff t cells

CD4: regulatory and Helper T cells

CD8: cytotoxic t cells

do different things

Front 20

helper T cells (TH)

CD4

Back 20

helps everything else

main job is to give permission to the B cell to make the ab then it secretes a chemical telling it yes its bad or no

-tcell first cell to be activated

Front 21

regulatory T cells (Treg)

CD4

Back 21

close to t cells, come in and make sure everything is ok

if the tc is starting to work the treg will come and check that the response in appropriate to the invasion

Front 22

cytotoxic T cells (TC)

CD8

Back 22

only cell in immune system that can go up to the cell and kill it

-TC works by TH to go to work

-TC will release enzymes that poke a hole in membrane and leak them into the bacteria and kill it

-fast and efficient

-once its dead it will float around blood stream until broken down further doesnt cause harm

Front 23

overview of all

Back 23

invades body, gets past skin(1st line of defense),

phagocytes comes(2nd), breaks its down into small pieces puts one piece on the cell surface which are seen by the b cells, b cells turn int plasma cell which makes the ab and b cell also makes memory cells, ab go back and fight original invader, same time tcells are looking for APC is showing, thelpers and tcytotoxic go and kill cells, tc goes into kill mode, th gives permission to b cell to make the antbody