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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prazosin is a ____ antagonist
what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
α1 antagonist
treats HTN Vasodilates (↓ DBP) -pt.s will also be on β-blockers Reflex Tachycardia Orthostatic hypotension |
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name a drug that is a Angio II antagonist
what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Valsartan
treats HTN Vasodilates (↓ DBP), ↓ Fluid retention (↓ CO) -blocks Angio II from vasocon. & releasing Aldo which ↑Na/H2O reabsorp. which ↑VR = ↑SBP = ↑CO -pt.s will also be on β-blockers Reflex Tachycardia Orthostatic hypotension |
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name a drug that is an ACE inhibitor
what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Catopril
treats HTN Vasodilates (↓ DBP), ↓ Fluid retention (↓ CO) -blocks ACE from onverting Angio I to Angio II & from breaking down Bradykinins in the Lungs --> cough Reflex Tachycardia Dizziness GI discomfort Cough (nagging), chest pain |
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Verapamil
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Ca++ channel blocker
Treats HTN ↓ Contractility & ↓ HR (↓ CO) Dizziness Headache NO reflex tachycardia (like Diltiazam, b/c it works on the heart) |
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Diltiazam
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Ca++ channel blocker
treats HTN Vasodilates (↓ DBP), ↓ Contractility & ↓ HR (↓ CO) Dizziness Headache NO reflex tachycardia (like verapamil, b/c it works on the heart) |
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Nifedipine
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Ca++ channel blocker
treats HTN Vasodilates (↓ DBP) Dizziness the only Ca++ channel blocker that has REFLEX TACHYCARDIA |
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Atenolol
what kind of drug is it? what is one thing it treats? how does it work? SE? |
β1 blocker
(β1 selective) treats HTN Prevents ↑ HR Exercise intolerance Fatigue |
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Propranolol
what kind of drug is it? what is one thing it treats? how does it work? SE? |
β blocker
(non-selective) (β1, β2) Treats HTN Prevents ↑ HR (works in Heart & Lungs) *contraindicated in pt.s w/ Asthma *can’t use age-predicted max HR as measure of exercise intensity when pt.s on beta-blockers, use RPE scale Exercise intolerance Fatigue Bronchoconstriction Depression Nightmares |
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Furosemide
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
loop diuretic
treats HTN Blocks Na/H2O reabsorp. to ↓ VR = ↓ CO Orthostatic hypotension (from vasodilation from increased fluid loss) |
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Chlorothiazide
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Thiazide Diuretic
(in Distal tubule) it treats HTN *also blocks K+ reabsorption --> electrolye imbalance, so pt.s should be on K+ supplement ↓ Cardiac contractility Muscle weakness fatigue Mood changes confusion |
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Spironolactone
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? |
K+ sparing Diuretic
(in Collecting tubule) treats HTN Blocks Na/H2O reabsorp. to ↓ VR = ↓ CO, but K+ is reabsorbed so there’s no electrolyte imbalance Orthostatic hypotension (from vasodil from ↑ fluid loss) (diuretics cause you to lose a lot of fluid, so orthostatic hypotention) |
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Lidocaine
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Na+ channel blockers Class I
treats cardiac arrhythmias ↓ rate of Depolarization to draw out APs so not so many can be stimulated in 1 min. Dizziness Visual disturbances Nausea Arrhythmias |
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Atenolol, Metropolol, and Propranolol
what kind of drugs are these? other than HTN, what else do these treat? how do they work? SE? |
β blockers
(Class II) treats cardiac arrhythmias stretch out AP (↑ time to an AP) (doesn't allow heart to beat too quickly, duh) Exercise intolerance Fatigue, Depression Nightmares, Bronchconst.(for propranolol) |
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K+ channel blockers (Class III) treats what?
how does it work? SE? |
treats Cardiac Arrhythmias
prolonges Repolarization (↓rate that cell repolarizes) Initial ↑ in card. arrhythmias -ventricular tachycardia Pulmon. & Hepatic toxicity |
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Verapamil and Diltiazam are what type of drugs?
other than HTN, what else do they treat? how does it work? SE? |
Ca++ channel blockers (Class IV)
they treat Cardiac Arrhythmias prolongs Refractory period (the plateau period when cell cannot stimulate another AP) by inhibiting Ca++ influx = ↓ rate of discharge of SA node & inhibits conduction velocity thru AV node SE: Dizziness Headache NO reflex tachycardia b/c both work on the heart |
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Name the 4 classes of drugs that treat Cardiac Arrhythmias
Class I Class II Class III Class IV |
Class I - Na+ channel blockers (↓ rate of Depolarization to draw out APs so not so many can be stimulated in 1 min.)
Class II - B blockers (Atenolol, Metropolol, Propranolol - stretch out AP (↑ time to an AP)) Class III - K+ channel blockers (prolonges Repolarization (↓rate that cell repolarizes)) Class IV - Ca++ channel blockers - Verapamil and Diltiazam (prolongs Refractory period (the plateau period when cell cannot stimulate another AP) by inhibiting Ca++ influx = ↓ rate of discharge of SA node & inhibits conduction velocity thru AV node) |
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Nitroglycerine
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
organic nitrate
treats angina Vasodilates coronary artery in Stable & Variant angina -taken sublingually in all acute angina attacks orthostatic hypotension (b/c of vasodilation) dizziness Headache nausea |
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heparin
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? |
anticoagulate
treats angina blocks clotting factor in acute Unstable angina & prevents venous clots (DVTs) -given thru IV when admitted to hospital |
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Coumadin
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? |
anticoagulate
treats angina blocks active Vitamin K (in Liver) from synthesizing clotting factors - given orally w/ 3-day lag period |
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Aspirin/ Plavix
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? |
anticoagulate
angina blocks platelet aggregation to prevent arteriole clots |
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atenolol, metropolol, and propranolol
what kind of drugs? other than HTN and cardiac arrythmias, what else do they treat? how do they work? SE? |
beta blockers
treats angina Prevents ↑ HR in Stable & Unstable angina = ↓ workload on Heart ↑ to onset of symptoms during exercise |
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verapamil, diltiazam, and nifedipine
what kind of drugs? other than HTN and cardiac arrythmias, what else do they treat? how do they work? SE? |
Ca++ channel blockers
treats Angina Vasodilates coronary a. in Stable & *Variant angina -to ↑ coronary blood flow to ↑ O2 supply to Heart *drug of choice for Variant angina Dizziness Headache Reflex Tachycardia (Nifedip |
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So what 4 types of drugs treat Angina?
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1. organic nitrate (nitroglycerine)
2. anticoagulates (Heparin, coumadin, aspirin/plavix) 3. Beta blockers (Atenolol, Metroprolol, Propranolol) 4. Ca++ channel blockers (Verapamil, Diltiazam, Nifedipine) |
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Digoxin
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Cardiac glycoside
treats congestive heart failure ↑ Contractility of Heart -by blocking Na+/K+ Pump so heart cells can’t rid Ca++ --> Ca++ build up in cells = ↑ force of contraction *exercise ↑ binding of Digoxin to skeletal muscle so when pt. is @ rest after ex., Digoxin is not binding to muscle anymore so more is circulating in blood! Digitalis toxicity -signs: GI distress (nausea, vomiting) CNS affects (visual disturb., confusion, fatigue) Arrhythmias (AV block = death) |
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Lipitor
what kind of drug is it? what does it treat? how does it work? SE? |
Statin
treats high cholesterol blocks enzyme in Liver from making cholesterol and/or lipoproteins (LDLs) Liver dysfunction, gall stones Pancreatitis Myalgia (muscle pain) Myopathy (weakness) w/ Rhabdomyolysis Fatigue, weakness |
