Lin 471 Exam 2, Part 3

Front 1

Pragmatics

Back 1

study of the systematic relations between language and context

Front 2

Speech Act Theory

Back 2

using speech to acccomplish some sort of intention

Utterance has 3 parts:
1- locutionary act= speech act taking place

2- illocutionary act= intention of speech act

3- perlocutional act= social effect of the act

Front 3

Illocutionary Act

Back 3

representatives: affirming it is true "i declare"

directive- make hearer do something "insist"

commisive- commits speaker to future act- "promise"

expressives- gives speakers attitude or feeling "apology, thanks"

declarations- alters the external status or condition of an object "warn, pronounce"

Front 4

Conversational Implicature

Back 4

how hearers manage to work out the complete message when a speaker means more than what they say

Front 5

Implicature

Back 5

message that is not found in the plain sense of the sentece:

calculated using 3 things:
- linguistical meaning
- contextual info
- cooperative principle

Front 6

Direct v. Indirect Speech Act

Back 6

"get me a glass of water"

"is there any water?"

Front 7

cooperative principle

Back 7

assumption that the participants in a conversation have similar goals

Front 8

4 maxims of conversations

Back 8

Quality: by truthful

Quantity: say enough, not too much

Relation: relate what you say

Manner: be orderly, clear and avoid abiguity

Front 9

Flouting

Back 9

Deliberate violation of one of the maxims

Front 10

Face

Back 10

public self-image
-Positive face: desire to be seen as a good human being
Negative face: remain autonomous and don't need others opinions

Front 11

Politeness

Back 11

way to respect an individuals face by using positive or negative politeness

Front 12

Politeness strategies

Back 12

bald on-record: doing nothing to minimize threats

positive politeness: be respectful, add extra how are you?

negative politeness: recognize that you're imposing on someone, being indirect

off-record indirect: avoid a threat to your own face

Front 13

ethnography of communication

Back 13

M and W have a different sense of what is appropriate as a speaker= communicative competence

W's speech is interactional and M's is transactional

Front 14

The NY Jewish Conversational Style by Tannen

Back 14

Recorded a thanksgiving day conversation between 2 NYJCs and 3 nonNYJCs

Front 15

Features of the NYJCS

Back 15

topic: abrupt shifts
genre: stories in rounds
Pacing: avoiding a pause, fast pace
Expressive Paralingx: marked voice quality

Front 16

Conclusion of NYJCS

Back 16

Conversations between NYJ and non NYJ are awkward bc of clashes
-NYJs use positive politeness

Front 17

Place and Personae by Philipson

Back 17

Evaluation of two periods of study in Teamsterville (city S. of Chicago, low income, blue collar, white)
1969-1970 for 21 months as a social worker
and 1971-1972 for 9 months as a field consultant
*Communication is social and cultural

Front 18

Variables of people and lingxs in teamsterville

Back 18

Sex, age, place, location
Speaking, silence, violence, non-verbal threats

Front 19

Manliness found in Teamsterville

Back 19

Lot of talking
Little talking
Other than talking

Fight it out

Women stay in house/ on porch

**Social status decides if/where you talk