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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the main function of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala?
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places emotional significance on events
INWARD emotional responses |
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what is the main function fo the central nucleus of amygdala?
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nucleus for OUTWARD emotional response (autonomic and motor)
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what is the function of the corticomedial nucleus?
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related to olfaction and appetite
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where does the input into the central and corticomedial nuclei of amygdala come from?
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Afferents:
1. Sensory information (taste, pain, auditory, olfactory) 2. Ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus 3. Basolaterla amygdala nucleus 4. Septal nuclei 5. Raphe nuclei 6. Locus ceruleus 7. Bed nucleus of stria terminalis |
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what information is projected to the corticomedial nuclei of amydala from bed nucleus of stria medullaris?
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coordination of outward emotional expression, coordinated activation/inhibition of brainstem nuclei and spinal cord nuclei
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what information is projected to the corticomedial nuclei of amygdala from the basolateral amygdala nucleus?
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highly processed information including vision
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what information is projected to corticomedial nuclei of amygdala from the ventromedial and lateral hypothalamus?
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appetite and satiety
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efferent output from Central amygdala
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lateral hypothalamus, septal nuclei of basal forebrain --- outward emotion expression ----- output to hypothalamus brainstem, and spinal cord --- Neuroendocrine, autonomic, sympathetic & PS somatic motor system
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efferents from amygdala through ventral amygdalofugal pathway and medial forebrain bundle
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to reticular formation, locus ceruleus, raphe nucleus, solitary nucleus, brainstem autonomic nuclei, midbrain PAG, ventral tegmentum
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what are the effects of the efferents of the ventral amygdalofugual pathway?
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awareness, autonomic response, somatic motor response
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tract the projection from the amygdala to the habenulointerpeduncular tract.
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corticomedial amygdala -- stria terminalis -- septal nuclei of basal forebrain -- stria medullaris -- habenula -- habenulointerpeduncular tract --- interpedunclular nucleus, ventral tegemental area, PAG, Raphe nuclei
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what does the projection from the amygdala cortcomedial nuclei to hypothalamus influence?
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autonomic, neuroendocrine, and feeding responses
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what does the projection from amygdala to basal forebrain septal nuclei influnce?
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GVE nuclei in brainstem via central tegmental tract
Reward system incentive and motivation Pain modulation |
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true or false
basolateral n. of amygdala projects to coticomedial n. of amygdala for outward physical manifestation of inward emotion |
TRUE
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what do the efferent projections from basolateral n. of amygdala express?
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expression of inner emotion and motivation
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where do the afferent information into the basolateral n. of amygdala come from?
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dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus
prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampal formation, temporal lobes, insular cortex central nucleus of amygdala |
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what type of information is delivered to basolaterla amygdala from prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus?
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attention and motivation information
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what type of information is relayed to basolateral amygdala from parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampal formation, and temporal lobes, and insular cortex?
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processed sensory information
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where does the basolateral amygdala project to?
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cortex
basal forebrain dorsomedial thalamic nucleus ventral striatum |
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why does basolateral amygdala project to the parahippocampal cortex and hippocampal formation?
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coloring, emotional valence, or emotional context on memory consolidation
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what part of the parahippocampal cortex does the basolateral amygdala project to?
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entorhinal cortex
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how many layers is the entorhinal cortex of parahippocampal formation?
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6 layers
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how many layers is subiculum?
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subiculum is a transitional cortex between 3 and 6 layers thick
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what produces the cholinergic tone of the cerebral cortex?
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the projection from basolateral amygdala through stria terminalis to basal forebrain
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what NT is secreted from the basal forebrain?
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ACh
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what cortex is involved in processing emotions and motivation and in learning and memory?
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anterior cingulate gyrus and orbital frontal cortex
this receives projections from basolateral amygdala through the ventral amygdalofugal pathway |
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what projection from basolateral amygdala is important in motivational aspects of attention?
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uncinate fasciculus to cingulate gyrus and prefrontal cortex
ex. prefrontal cortex is important in restraint, initiative, and order |
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what type of pathophysiology will produce an emotionally flat individual but will eliminate or decrease aggressive behavior?
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Amygdalectomies
we all might need one of these once neuro is over |
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what does removal of both temporal lobes cause?
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1. emotional changes
2. psychic blindness 3. over attentiveness 4. sexual hyperactivity |
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in the removal of temporal lobes what is the sexual hyperactivity a compensation for?
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removal of the occipital-temproal love removes the "what" visual pathway and is compensated for by the "where stream"
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in removal of the temporal lobes why is there over attentiveness observed?
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orient to all stimuli hyperorality
-removal of "what" pathway compensation from somatosensory cortex |
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in removal of temporal lobes what type of emotional changes are observed? why?
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tame and placid
removal of the amygdala |
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If a patient will indiscriminately approach and examine something even though it might be harmful what has occured?
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this is called psychic blindness
damage to the temporal lobes may have occurred which removed the "what" visual pathway |
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why do people have panic attacks?
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inappropriate or excessive activity of the amygdala
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