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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe the 3 basic pathophysiologic mechanisms of PVD?
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1. structural changes in vessel wall; 2. narrowing of the lumen; 3. spasm of vascular smooth muscle
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The aorta loses its elasticity with time. Diseases of the aorta appear in 3 different conditions. Name them.
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Aneurysm, Dissection, Obstruction (Atherosclerosis)
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What is the difference between a "true" and "pseudo" aneurysm?
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True implies dilatation of all 3 layers while pseudo is a contained rupture (hematoma/clot) in the wall.
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What are the common degenerative changes that cause ascending aortic aneurysm? descending aortic aneurysm?
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AAA - cystic medial degeneration (CT disorders); DAA - atherosclerosis
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Why is back pain a common symptomatic presentation in Aortic Aneurysm?
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The common Abdominal aortic aneurysm often erodes away vertebrae.
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What is the current treatment options for Aortic Aneurysm?
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Prosthetic surgical graft or surgical repair
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What is aortic Dissection?
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A blood filled channel divides the medial layers creating a split between the intima and adventita layers.
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What aortic segment is most commonly affected in Aortic Dissection?
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Ascending Thoracic Aorta
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What is Type A & B mean with Aortic Dissection?
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Type A - Ascending portion;
Type B - Descending portion |
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How is acute aortic dissection treated?
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1st one must arrest progression of the dissection (reduce systolic BP); 2nd in many Type A cases immediate surgical repair; if type b aggressive therapy is tried first since surgery does not improve outcome!
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True/False - Hemodynamic changes alone account for changes in exercise capacity in PAD patients.
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False - muscle denervation also occurs
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Peripheral Claudication can lead to what PE auscultated finding?
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bruits
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What is vasculitis? What causes it?
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Inflammation of the vessel wall resulting from immune complex deposition or autoimmune attack of the vessel wall.
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What is Polyarteritis nodosa?
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Necrotizing systemic vasculitis of small/med arterities characterized by nodules and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.
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What is Takayasu's arteritis?
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Unknown cause of vasculitis that targets the aorta and often presents as a "pulseless disease".
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What is giant cell arteritis (aka temporal arteritis)?
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Vasculitis disease that most commonly involves the cranial vessels and the aortic arches. Often presents with eye pressure and headache.
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What is thromboangiitis obliterans?
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Form of vasculitis that is strongly associated with cigarrette smoking and Raynaud's phenomenon.
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What is a Raynaud's Phenomenon?
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Disease causing arterial spasm in the digital arteries with color change from white to cyanosis to ruddy color in fingers. This resuslts in pain, paresthesia or numbness in the digits.
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(Blank) are dilate tortuous superficial vessels that often develop in the lower extremitis.
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Varicose Veins
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What is the difference between primary and secondary Varicose veins?
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primary initial abnormality superficial, secondary deep
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What consequence of DVT is most feared? What scenario often produces DVT?
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Pulmonary Embolism; Prolonged Stasis
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Ruling out the diagnosis of DVT can be accomplished by measurement of serum (blank).
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D-Dimer Level
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What is given in the initial treatment plan of DVT?
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LMWH followed by warfarin
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True/False - Superficial Thrombophlebitis is often a complication of IV catheterization but does not lead to pulmonary embolism.
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True
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