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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are drugs?
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Any substance with the potential to alter the structure and function of a living organism
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How are drugs used?
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Medicines to treat, cure, prevent, and relieve pain; antibiotics and in other capacities that have saved the lives of many people; recreational purposes
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Why do people use drugs?
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Medicinal, recreational, religious, spiritual reasons, to produce altered states and special sensations, due to rebellion and alienation, peer pressure, curiosity
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How are drugs classified?
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According to their physiological effects
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What do stimulants do?
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Speed up the nervous system
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What do depressants do?
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Slow down the nervous system
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What are the 4 drug classifications?
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Psychoactives, narcotics, inhalants, designer
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What are narcotics?
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Powerful painkillers that also produce pleasurable feelings and induce sleep
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What is the most commonly used drug in the US?
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Caffeine
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What are the effects of caffeine?
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Speeds up heart rate, temporarily increases blood pressure, disrupts sleep, relieves drowsiness, helps in the performance of repetitive tasks improves work ability, causes insomnia, anxiety, heart arrhythmias, gastrointestinal complaints, dizziness, headaches
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How is the percentage of alcohol in a beverage measured?
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By proof
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Define BAC
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The percentage of alcohol in the blood
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What are the four ways BAC is affected?
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The rate of consumption, the type of alcohol, the body weight of the person drinking, and the drinker's alcohol tolerance
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What are the three stages of treatment for alcoholism?
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Detoxification, medical care for health related problems, changing long term behavior by overcoming long time patterns and behaviors
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What are carcinogens?
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Cancer causing agents
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What is considered the leading preventable contributor to disease and early death from heart disease and cancer in the US?
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Tobacco
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What is passive smoking?
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The inhalation of environmental smoke by a nonsmoker
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What is side stream smoke?
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The smoke that comes off the burning end of a tobacco product
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Are the effects of smoking reversible?
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Yes, but only if the smoker quits
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Is the smokeless tobacco (snuff and chewing tobacco) a safe alternative to cigarettes?
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No
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Define club drugs
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Drugs most commonly used by teens and young adults who are at a bar or rave
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What is rohypnol?
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Date rape drug
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What chemical is responsible for the effects of marijuana?
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THC
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What are the guidelines for taking OTC drugs?
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Know the ingredients, know the effects, read and heed warnings and cautions, don't use any product continuously for longer than two weeks, don't use a drug if not needed
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What are the three goals of sexual health?
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Healthy relationships, planned pregnancies, avoidance of diseases
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What are the four aspects of a healthy relationship?
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Communication, sharing, respect, and trust
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What are the 5 tips for starting a healthy dating relationship and staying safe?
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Get to know the person before you go out, go out with a group of friends, plan fun social activities, be clear about boundaries, and tell at least one friend where you are going, who with, and how to reach you
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What are STD's?
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Infections acquired by sexual contact
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Why are young women under the age of 24 at a higher risk for STD's?
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The cells of the cervix are immature and more easily infected
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Why are statistics for STI's not very accurate?
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Large numbers of cases go unreported, treated by private physicians
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What are 5 ways to prevent STI's?
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Abstinence or mutual monogamy, always use protection, do not have unprotected sex, avoid sexual activity that might lead to cuts or tears in the genitals, do not use IV drugs or share needles
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Define sexual otientation
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A person's emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to individuals of a particular gender
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What are 4 reasons that make sex challenging or difficult to enjoy for older people?
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Physical changes, illness, disabilities, and some medicines
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Define cancer
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Group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled, disorderly cell growth
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What is the number 1 cause of children's deaths?
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Cancer
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What does it mean to be cured of cancer?
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That a patient has no evidence of disease and has the same life expectancy of a person who never had cancer
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Define neoplasm/tumor
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A mass of mutant cells
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What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?
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B-noncancerous
M-cancerous |
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Define metastasis
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Process by which cancer cells spread from their primary site to a secondary site
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What are the internal and external factors that cause cancer?
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Internal - hormones, immune conditioning, inherited mutations
External - chemicals, diet, radiation, viruses, pollutants |
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What are proto-oncogenes?
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Regulatory genes
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Two thirds of all cancers are caused by which two factors?
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Diet and tobacco
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What is staging?
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Process of determining how far a cancer has spread
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What do the T, N, and M stand for in the TNM system for the prognosis of cancer?
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T - size of the tumor and if cancer has spread to other tissues and organs
N - how far the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes M - if the cancer has metastasized to other organs of the body |
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What is the most common form of cancer?
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Skin
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Which form of cancer kills most often among both genders?
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Lung
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What cancer is the most common among women?
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Breast
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What cancer is the most common among men?
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Prostate
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What is imperative for the treatment of all forms of cancer?
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Early detection
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What is lymphoma?
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Cancer of the lymphoid tissue
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What are the ABCD's of skin cancer?
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A - asymmetry
B - border irregularity C - color D - diameter |
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What are the non-genetic factors that are responsible for 90% of breast cancers?
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Early menarche, lat menopause, recent oral contraceptive/estrogen supplementation use, never having had children, giving birth late in life
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Define diabetes mellitus
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The body's inability to make insulin, insufficient insulin production, inability to properly use insulin
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What are the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
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Type 1 - an autoimmune disease that occurs most frequently in children and young adults
Type 2 - the most common and is found primarily in people over 40 years old; also called non insulin dependent diabetes |
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What is osteoarthritis?
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Degenerative bone disease related to aging
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What are the 5 risk factors of osteoporosis?
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Calcium deficiency, female gender, white or Asian ethnicity, slender body type, and sedentary lifestyle
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Is there a cure for asthma?
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No
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What is the main way colds are spread?
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Hand to hand contact
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Define risk factor; what are the two types of risk factors?
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Health habits and/or practices that increase the risk of getting certain diseases; absolute and relative
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What are 5 reasons that health care costs keep rising?
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Chronic health condition, aging of society, rising unemployment rate, increase in testing/procedures, enhance care
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What are the 4 main causes of death concerning medical era?
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Drug interactions, hospital error, hospital infection rates, medical error
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What three human behaviors are the major causes of medicalization?
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Smoking, drinking, overeating
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What should the focus be concerning our current health care system?
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Prevention
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What are the top 5 preventative care services today?
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Breast cancer screening, colorectal screening, flu vaccinations, smoking cessation counseling, promotion of regular aspirin use for high-risk CAD adults
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What three things can we do to prevent chronic conditions plaguing the US?
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Quit smoking, eat balanced diet, exercise 30 minutes a day
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What are the three factors of accountable health care?
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Increase the number of providers who impact health including counselors, dietitians, physical therapists, and fitness professionals; work to improve or reduce chronic health conditions; provide essential screenings across the lifespan
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