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26 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Why was poverty a problem? |
1. Increased the threat of rebellion and the Queen didn't have a full time army under her employ due to insufficient funds so her opposition could try and win support of the poor and turn them against the government. 2. Charity was becoming difficult because there was a greater number of people to support and the rich could cope with the growing demand of food supply and money. 3. Beggars often turned to crime when desperate, robbing those in streets and breaking into houses. There was no police force, besides Justice of the Peaces. 4. Because people thought vagabonds were travelling the country, exaggerated writings such as those by Thomas Harman aided in the stirring of unnecessary panic as it was believed they were the cause of the fast spread of deadly, infections diseases. |
Pg 36 |
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Describe rich housing |
1. A high great chamber for receiving important guests and holding banquets. 2. Several rooms and floors to achieve masses of space. 3. Glass, high quality windows to open your house and naturally illuminate many rooms. Rich houses were often made from brick or stone and tiles. 4. An open fire place to provide warmth during the winter. |
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What was the point of the Poor Law? (1601) |
1. To board out (making a payment to families willing to accept them) those young children who were orphaned or whose parents could not maintain them, 2. To provide materials to "set the poor on work" 3. To offer relief to people who were unable to work — mainly those who were "lame, impotent, old, blind", and 4. "The putting out of children to be apprentices.". |
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Causes of poverty (Bad Harvests) |
Everyone in Elizabethan England depended on food from the country's farms, without these the lowest classes began to starve because: > there were many bad harvests in the 16th centrum due to bad weather, which left many farmers out of work. > this resulted in food shortages an an ⬆ in its cost. |
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Causes of poverty (More silver in Europe) |
In the early 16th century, Spain conquered large parts of central/ South America: >there were many gold and silver mines in 'THE NEW WORLD' from the 1540s, lots of this was shipped to Spain. Because Spain were richer, people had more money to spend so the cost of imports increased. |
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Causes of poverty (Rising population) |
In the 1600s, many more people in the country as the birth rate increased and the death rate fell. Population grew from 3mil to 4mil during her reign and those that were in poverty: > More resources needed (food, clothes, houses and jobs) however there weren't enough so people became poor. |
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Causes of poverty (Inflation) |
The sixteenth century was a period of inflation in Europe (more silver): >Most people's wages didn't keep up with the rising prices and they became of an even lower value even though they were low to begin with. >Buying food cost more, leaving people with little or nothing to spend on anything else. Modern economists believe this was because- +there was a shortage of goods so prices went up. +a bigger demand for the same amount of goods increased prices of selling from producers. +people had more money to spend in richer countries like Spain. |
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Causes of poverty (Changes in farming) |
Farmers began to look for more profitable ways to use their land: > they decided to keep sheep instead of growing greens/ crops so there were even scarcer resources to distribute so prices increased. Those that couldn't keep up with this suffered. > Because of this change, most farm labourers lost their jobs and were forced to seek work in towns, which were more expensive to live in and there was already a shortage of jobs. |
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Causes of poverty (Debasement of the Coinage) |
The amount of gold and silver in coins were reduced. > this made prices increase as merchants and sellers began to demand more money for things because money was worth less. Their wages also lost value. The people that barely had any money in the first place greatly suffered because of this because they couldn't afford it. |
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What did the parliament do to help the poor ? (1563) |
'THE FIRST POOR LAW' was passed in 1563 and meant that those who refused to contribute to the relief of the poor had to appear before the Justice of Peaces and consequences for continued refusal meant imprisonment. EFFECT >It would increase the amount of relief given to the poor as it was punishable to refuse. This would effectively help to reduce those in poverty. |
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What did the parliament do to help the poor? (1572) |
'ACT FOR THE PUNISHMENT OF VAGABONDS AND THE RELIEF OF THE POOR AND IMPOTENT' which meant the death penalty was reintroduced for vagabonds who were caught begging on the street on more than one occasion. The first occasion meant was an arrest and a whole burnt through the thickest part of the ear. EFFECT: > it maintained social order because vagabonds carried a stigma which distressed and frightened people. It encouraged them to perhaps be more independent and seek work as they were unable to beg others for money. |
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What was the 'ACT FOR THE SETTING OF THE POOR ON WORK AND FOR THE AVOIDING OF IDLENESS' ? |
In 1576, 'THE ACT FOR THE SETTING OF THE POOR ON WORK AND FOR THE AVOIDING OF IDLENESS' introduced a system of giving work to the impotent poor to do in their own homes. >those who didn't work were sent to the House of Commons. EFFECT: set the impotent poor to work in conditions suited to the physical health of them so they could make a contribution to society. |
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What else did the Parliament do? |
>During poor harvests, her Privy Councillors brought back grain from abroad to supply the nation. >Poor rates were made mandatory so everyone had to help the poor. >she was able to keep the lower classes contented and under her control and the laws she passed remained unchanged for 200+ years so her ways were effective. >soldiers returning after Spanish Armada received a pension in the form of a weekly sum of money paid out by country officials. Soldiers were usually from poor backgrounds. |
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What evidence suggests she wasn't successful in helping the poor ? |
>number of vagabonds increased during her reign. >number of unemployment and homeless increased. >acts of parliament didn't prevent people from becoming beggars, they moved from one place to another to avoid punishment. >unemployment didn't reduce but statistics on jobs and unemployment were unavailable. >Derserving poor grew. >Efforts of towns and counties were more effective. |
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What were the different types of poor ? |
1. The impotent (those born into it, such as the blind, the deaf and those with incurable diseases). 2. The misfortunate or able- bodies were those unable to find work such as a wounded soldier or evicted householder. 3. Idle beggars- those who could work but refused to (rioters, vagabonds, rogues and strumpets {prostitutes}). |
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Leisure activities enjoyed by the poor |
>football- was dangerous and resulted in broken necks, backs and legs. >archery- men were supposed to practise this when they weren't needed in wartime as soldiers. >bowling- was expensive. >may-pole banquet. >cockfights- held throughout the year where two 'Cocks' were teased and encouraged to fly at one another. >bear baiting- abused bears and was very dangerous. |
Pg 45 |
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Leisure enjoyed by the rich. |
> hunting- done by Elizabeth and involved deer killing. > bowls- played by gentlemen, priests ect. |
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Why did the rich and poor enjoy different sports ? |
They had such a great difference between their incomes and richer people wanted a higher social status and to keep the gap between them and the poor to be as wide as possible. In addition they had vastly different lifestyles as they came from different background which affected the way they perceived leisure and fun. |
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Why don't these activities exist anymore? |
Because our views on ethics and morality have changed so much, in terms of how we treat animals and just basic human rights. |
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Why did 'The authorities' oppose the theatre ? |
>they were worried about the large crowds they attracted because they are hard to control, so things could get out of hand quickly. The plays encouraged young apprentices to skip work and pickpockets as well as the spread of diseases like the plague and smallpox. > only Privy Councillors could give them the power they needed to deal with the chaos theatres brought, but they too enjoyed the theatre so there was nothing they could do to stop them. |
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Why did 'Puritans' oppose the theatre ? |
>they associated theatres with the ancient Romans, who crucified Jesus and persecuted Christians, allowing lions to attack and kill them in theatres. They disliked what is symbolised of their history. >Most believed it was the work of the devil, calling it 'The chapel of Satan' |
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How did Elizabeth support the theatre? |
>she often invited companies of actors to perform for her at Court, which promoted the theatre because she was such a figurehead. >she was an important patron of the to the theatre, so ensured it kept on running and even allowed a group of actors to call themselves "The Queen's Men". |
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How did nobles support the theatre? |
>often invited actors to perform for them in their country houses, even when theatres were closed in London. >William Shakespeare was a member of the company. >they thought it helped the poor as it took their thoughts away from their problems. |
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Why did people go to the theatre? |
>To simply watch plays. >Entrance fees were inexpensive so everyone could afford them (all classes). >there were refreshments on sale so people could buy fruits and nuts to eat, as well as, wine or beer. >The wealthy went for publicity and to snow off, seeing it as an opportunity to dress in their finest clothes and noticed by other rich people enabling them to make business contacts and attention from young ladies. |
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Elizabethan actors pg 44 |
44 |
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Describe and Elizabethan theatre? |
THE ROOF: Most of the theatre was open to the sky. Plays were performed in the afternoon as there was no lighting. THE HEAVENS: The building above stage contained hoisting machines that raised/lowered props to the stage and created special effects such as thunder. THE TRUMPETER: Blew several times to tell local people about an incoming performance. THE FLAG: Flown from the top of the theatre to show locals and play would be performed that day. THE GALLERIES: 3 galleries of covered seats for approx. 2000 wealthy people who paid extra. THE STAGE: Raised and projected into the yard. No curtains and little scenery as it only had a roofed back part painted with scenery of the heavens. THE YARD/PIT: For poor priests or 'groundlings' who stood in the yard to watch play. They were close to actors but people got wet when it rained (open roof) . THE TIRING HOUSE: The actor's dressing room behind the stage.
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