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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A research method in which information is collected from a large number of people by interviews,written questionnaires, or some other means.
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survey
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A persons position in society as determined by wealth, income, occupation, education and place of residence.
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socioeconomic status
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A time when a certain type of development is most likely, although it may still happen later. For example, early childhood is considered a sensitive period for language learning.
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sensitive period
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A method of testing a hypothesis by unobtrusively watching and recording participants' behavior in a systematic and objective manner- in a natural setting, in a laboratory, or in searches of archival data.
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scientific observation
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A way to answer questions using empirical research and databased conclusions.
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scientific method
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The science that understands the how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or remain the same over time.
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science of human development
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The repetition of a study using different participants.
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replication
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A group of people who are regarded by themselves or by others as distinct from other groups on the basis of their physical appearance. Social scientists think race is a misleading concept.
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race
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Research that provides data that can be expressed with numbers, such as ranks or scales.
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quantitative research
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Research that considers qualities instead of quantities.Descriptions of particular conditions and participants expressed ideas are often part of the study.
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qualitative research
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empirical
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Based on observations, repeated experiences, verifiable experiments" not theoretical
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nature
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A general term for the tratits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his and her parents at the moment of conception
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nurture
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A general term for all the environmental influences that affect development after an individual is conceived
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critical period
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A time when a particular type of developmental growth (in body or behavior) must happen if ti is ever going to happen
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sensitive period
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A time when a certain type of development is most likely, although it may still happen later. For example, early childhood is considered a sensitive period for language learning.
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dynamic-systems theory
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A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the physical and emotional being and between the person and every aspect of his or her environment, including the family and society.
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life-span perspective
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An approach to the study of human development that takes into account all phases of life, not just childhood or adulthood.
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ecological-systems approach
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The view that in the study of human development, the person should be considered in all the contexts and interactions that constitute a life. (bioecological theory)
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cohort
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A group defined by the shared age of its members. each cohort was born at about the same time and moves through life together, experiencing the same historical events and cultural shifts
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ethnic group
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People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who share the same language, culture and religion.
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Institutional Review Board (IRB)
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A group that exists within most educational and medical institutions whose purpose is to ensure that research follows established guidelines and remains ethical.
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mirror neurons
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Cells in an observer's brain that responds to an action performed by someone else in the same way they would if the observer had actually performed that action.
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experiment
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A research method in which the researcher tries to determine the cause-and-effect relationships between two variables by manipulating one (called the independent variable) and then observing and recording the ensuing changes in the other (dependent variable).
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independent variable
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In an experiment, the variable that is introduced to see what effect it has on the dependent variable.
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dependent variable
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In an experiment, the variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation the experimenter adds. In other words, the dependent variable depends on the independent variable.
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cross-sectional research
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A research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics.
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longitudinal research
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A research design in which the same individuals are followed over time and their development is repeatedly assessed
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cross-sequential research
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A hybrid research design in which researchers first study several groups of people of different ages (a cross-sectional approach) and then follows those groups over the years (longitudinal approach)
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correlation
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A number between +1.0 and -1.0 that indicates the degree of relationship between two variables, expressed in terms of likelihood that one variable will (or will not) occur when the other variable does (or does not). A correlation indicates that two variables are related, not that one variable causes the other to occur..
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code of ethics
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a set of moral principles that members of a profession or group are expected to follow.
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