Lifespan Developmental Psychology-Ch.3 Genetics, Development And Childbirth

Front 1

What are Gametes?

Back 1

The reproductive cells.

Front 2

What is a zygote?

Back 2

Eggs from females (ova) and sperm from males come together to form a living cell.

Front 3

What is a genome?

Back 3

The full set of chromosomes that make up the genetic material of an organism.

Front 4

What is a karyotype?

Back 4

Portrays a persons chromosomes by magnifying and photographing them.

Front 5

What are chromosomes?

Back 5

Carry hereditary traits from their parents. 46 total. 23 from mom and 23 from dad. 23rd determines sex. Female xx male xy

Front 6

What are genes?

Back 6

The basic unity of heredity.

Front 7

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

Back 7

double stranded helix and contains information to guide protein synthesis into molecular structure.

Front 8

What is a Genotype?

Back 8

A persons complete genetic makeup.

Front 9

What is a Phenotype?

Back 9

A persons expressed characteristics (green eyes, red hair)

Front 10

What are carriers?

Back 10

traits that are in our genotype but unexpressed as a phenotype.

Front 11

What does polygenic mean?

Back 11

Produced by the interaction of many traits.

Front 12

What does multifactorial mean?

Back 12

Influenced by many factors.

Front 13

What is Gene-Gene interaction?

Back 13

Interaction of proteins synthesized from specific genes that affect the trait.

Front 14

What is Gene-Environment interaction?

Back 14

Ongoing interaction between the genotype and the environment.

Front 15

What is an additive when talking about genes?

Back 15

a common genetic pattern because it shows the sum of the contribution of the genes involved. (genes for height and skin color)

Front 16

What is incomplete dominance?

Back 16

the phenotype is not completely controlled by the gene and therefore the gene does not completely control the trait.

Front 17

What are X-Linked genes?

Back 17

Located on the X chromosome. Recessive genes can show up in they are on the x chromosome

Front 18

What are monozygotic twins?

Back 18

Identical twins. When one zygote splits and forms two identical clusters.

Front 19

What are dizygotic twins?

Back 19

Fraternal twins. When 2 ova are fertilized by 2 seperate sperm around the same time period.

Front 20

What is natural selection?

Back 20

The principle that those organisms that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on genes to their offspring.

Front 21

What is a syndrome?

Back 21

When a baby is born with an abnormal number of chromosomes. (45, 47 or more)

Front 22

What is downs syndrome?

Back 22

Trisomy 21. An extra chromosome on the 21st pair. Thick tongue, round face, slanted eyes and short limbs. Sometimes mental retardation.

Front 23

What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Back 23

Chromosomal abnormality causing abnormal digestion of protein. Caused by a recessive gene.

Front 24

What is Huntington's disease?

Back 24

Shows up around age 35 and develops as mental illness. A dominant gene causes this.

Front 25

What is a sex chromosome abnormality?

Back 25

When babies are born with fewer or more chromosomes than are needed.

Front 26

What is Klinefelter syndrome?

Back 26

Sufferers have a XXY chromosomal pattern. Low testosterone. Infertility. May have learning disability especially in language skills.

Front 27

What is Fragile X syndrome?

Back 27

Part of the X chromosome is attached thinly to the point of is seems to break off. Some have normal lives, some mildly retarded and most are severely retarded. Large head and ears. Male have enlarged testicles.

Front 28

What is Turner's syndrome?

Back 28

Born with only one sex chromosome (XO). Learning disables especially in math and science. Breasts and menstruation do not develop and have webbed necks.

Front 29

What is differentiation?

Back 29

Cells undergo a progressive change to more specialized cells.

Front 30

What is the germinal stage?

Back 30

Conception to 14 days. Fertilization, forms zygote, divides to form a cluster of cells. Implants into the uterine wall.

Front 31

What is the embryonic stage?

Back 31

Third to eighth week. Heart, blood vessels and cardiovascular system begin to function and head takes shape. Development of placenta also occurs.

Front 32

What is the fetal stage?

Back 32

Ninth week until birth. Markedly human appearance. Fetus begins to move and prepares for birth. Age of viability is 24 weeks.

Front 33

What is the Cephalo-caudal development?

Back 33

Head to feet development.

Front 34

What is the Proximo-distal development?

Back 34

Spine to extremity development.

Front 35

What is the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?

Back 35

Ectoderm- Outer layer.
Mesoderm- Middle layer.
Endoderm- Inner layer.
This is how the body systems develop during the embryonic stage.

Front 36

List some teratogens.

Back 36

1. Diseases (rubella-form of measels. HIV and AIDS).
2. Medicinal drugs. (ASA, antacids).
3. Psychoactive drugs. (cigarettes, alcohol, LSD).
4. Low birth weight.

Front 37

Describe fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Back 37

3 drinks or more a day. Facial abnormalities, slowed growth, learning and behavioral problems, mental retardation.

Front 38

What is anoxia?

Back 38

Brain damage due to lack of oxygen and the brain.