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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of a professional lifeguard?
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1. Knowledgeable and has appropriate skills.
2. Reliable 3. Mature 4. Courteous and consistent. 5. Positive 6. Professional 7. Healthy and Fit |
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Why does a lifeguard need to do to stay healthy and fit and why?
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Exercise, focusing on endurance and strength, to stay healthy, preform strenuous rescues, stay alert, and cope with stress and fatigue.
Eat and hydrate properly to provide energy and alertness and prevent dehydration. Rest adequately to stay alert. Use Sun Protection to avoid cancer, sunburn, dehydration, heat exhaustion, heat stroke. Do not use alcohol or other drugs. |
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What is the primary responsibility of a lifeguard?
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Ensure patron safety and protect lives.
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How can a lifeguard ensure patron safety and protect lives?
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Preventing injuries by minimizing or eliminating hazardous situations or behaviors.
Enforcing rules. Recognizing and responding to emergencies. Administering First Aid and/or CPR, AED, Oxygen. Informing other lifeguards/managers when more help or equipment is needed. |
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What are the lifeguards secondary responsibilities?
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Filling out required records and reports.
Performing maintenance or other tasks. Inspecting facility and reporting unsafe conditions or equipment to supervisor. |
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F I N D stands for what?
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Figure out the problem.
Identify possible solutions. Name the pros and cons for each solution. Decide which solution is best. |
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Legal considerations:
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Duty to Act, Standard of Care, Negligence, Good Samaritan Laws, Consent, Refusal of Care, Abandonment, Confidentiality, Documentation.
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Life-threatening injuries include:
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Nonfatal submersion, drowning, head, neck, back injuries, unconsciousness, breathing emergencies, cardiac emergencies, severe bleeding.
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Understanding how injuries occur helps a lifeguard in what ways?
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1. Increases their awareness of risks and hazards.
2. Helping patrons avoid risky behavior. 3. Developing a safety conscious attitude at their facility. |
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The three injury prevention strategies lifeguards use:
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1. communication with patrons.
2. facility safety checks 3. patron surveillance |
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Communication with patrons requires:
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1. Informing patrons about the potential for injury.(signs, rule boards)
2. Educating them about inappropriate behavior. (whistle, explain what is wrong, why activity is dangerous, suggest an alternative behavior) 3. Enforcing rules and regulations. (have kids sit out, call security, etc.) |
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4 areas of effective surveillance
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victim recognition (look at breathing, arm and leg action, body position, and progression)
effective scanning lifeguard stations area of responsibility |
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distressed swimmer behavior
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breathing- can continue to breathe, might call for help
arm and leg action- floating, sculling, or treading water, may wave for help body- horizontal, vertical, or diagonal little or no forward progress, less and less able to support self |
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active drowning victim behavior
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breathing- struggles to breathe, cannot call out for help
arms to sides alternative moving up and pressing down, no supporting kick vertical body position no locomotion, has 20 to 60 seconds before submerging |
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passive drowning victim behavior
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not breathing
no arm or leg action body position horizontal or vertical, face down, face up, or submerged no movement |
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Passive drowning can result from what
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Heart Attack or Stroke
Seizure Head injury Heat illness Hypothermia Hyperventilation Alcohol/Drugs |
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Signs and Symptoms of Heart Attack
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Persistent chest pain or pressure, longer than 3 to 5 minutes, or that goes away then comes back
Chest pain spreading to the shoulders, neck, jaw, or arms Shortness of breath/trouble breathing Nausea or vomiting Dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting Pale, ashen, or bluish skin Sweating Denial of signals |
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Signs of a Stroke
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Sudden weakness or numbness to the face, arm, or leg, usually to one side
Difficulty with speech or vision Severe headache Confusion, dizziness, or disorientation |
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Signs of a Seizure
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Confusion, dizziness, disorientation
Difficulty breathing Stiff body Convulsions followed by relaxed state, fatigue, confusion, headache |
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Signs of a Head Injury
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Swollen or bruised areas
Unconsciousness Confusion or loss of memory Severe pain or pressure in the head Profuse or external bleeding of the head |
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Signs of Heat Related Illness
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Inner core temp. rises above 102.6 or higher. Victim weak, dizzy, confused, might lose consciousness.
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Signs of Hypothermia
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when body temp. drops below 95.
abnormal heart rhythm, shivering |
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Hyperventilation is...
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a dangerous technique some swimmers use to try to swim long distances underwater or to hold their breath for an extended period while submerged in one place. Swimmer can pass out (because this lowers co2 levels which signal person to breathe) turns them into a passive drowning victim if they inhale water.
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Alcohol affects...
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balance, judgment, reaction speed/body movement
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Three types of coverage
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Total, when single lifeguard is on duty.
Zone, when swimming area is divided up into separate areas of responsibility for each lifeguard station.. Back-up, in emergency situations. |
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R I D factor means what?
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failure to Recognize victim
Intrusion of other duties such as cleaning or coaching Distraction answering a question from a patron, talking with other lifeguards or friends (what happens when lifeguards aren't paying attention) |
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Who is on the safety team?
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Lifeguards, supervisors, swim instructors, security guards, concession staff, emergency medical services personnel, even park rangers, game wardens, marine safety officers, equipment rental personnel and admissions personnel
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Safety team responsibilities may include-
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summoning EMS personnel (call 911, etc)
Perform or assist with a rescue Provide back-up coverage Controlling bystanders Clearing the pool or facility |
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EAP's are what?
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detailed plans describing everyone's responsibility in an emergency. these should be in the facility's policies and procedures manual, and should be learned and practiced often during orientation and in-service trainings.
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10 steps of the EAP are
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1. a lifeguard recognize that someone needs help
2. lifeguard activates EAP (double whistle) 3. Lifeguard follows general procedures for emergencies (water or land) 4. Safety team members assist (retreive equip. call 911) 5. Chain of command is notified 6. Witnesses interviewed 7. Reports completed 8. Equipment is checked- replaced, cleaned if necessary 9. Corrective action taken 10. follow up staff discussion |
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Common signals used-
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whistles, hand signals, public address systems, telephones, two way radios, flags, megaphones
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Critical incidents include:
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A patron's death, especially after a prolonged rescue attempt, or the death of a child
An event that endangers the rescuer's life or someone important to them The death of a coworker on the job Any powerful emotional event, especially one that received media coverage |
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Staff debriefing includes:
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Examining what happened.
Assessing the effectiveness of the EAP. Considering new ways to prevent similar incidents in the future. Be alert for critical incident stress reactions. |
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Lifeguarding is:
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Dynamic, Challenging, Important, Inspiring
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To be "professional" means:
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Wear uniform only while on duty, be well groomed, keep equip. close and ready, keep sunglasses on or nearby, sit or stand upright at station, keep eyes focused on area of responsibility, keep interactions with others brief, observe all rules, eat and use phones only on break
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first signs of dehydration include:
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excessive thirst, sleepiness or tiredness, dry mouth, decreased urine output, few or no tears while crying, muscle weakness, headache, dizziness or light headedness
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signs of severe dehydration include:
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extreme thirst, irritability and confusion in adults, very dry mouth, skin, and mucous membranes, lack of sweating, little/no urination (any will be dark yellow/amber), sunken eyes, dry skin (no elasticity) low blood pressure, rapid heart beat, fever, delirium or unconsciousness
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prevent dehydration by:
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keep hydrated before becoming thirsty. eat well balanced meals. taking breaks in cool/shaded areas. avoid sugar, caffeine, alcohol.
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Lifeguard work settings:
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swimming pool, waterfront (non-surf), water park, aquatic facilities with multi-attractions
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