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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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development
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the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life span. Involves growth, although it also includes decline brought on by aging and dying
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origional sin
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the view that children were basically bad and born into the world as evil beings
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tabula rara
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the idea, proposed by Jonn Locke, that children are like a "blank slate"
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innate googness
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the idea, presented by Swiss-born philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, that children are inherently good
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life span perspective
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the perspective that development is life long, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and involves growth, maintenance, and regulation
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context
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the setting in which development occurs, which is influenced by historical, economic, social, and cultural factors
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culture
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the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation
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cross-cultural studies
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comparisons of one culture with one or more other cultures. These provide information about the degree to which development is similar, or universal, across cultures, and to the degree to which it is culture-specific
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ethnicity
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a characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristic, race, religion, and language
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socioeconomic status (SES)
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refers to the grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics
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gender
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the psychological and sociocultural dimensions of being female or male
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social policy
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a national government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens
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generational inequity
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a social policy concern in which an aging society is being unfair to its younger members
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biological processes
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changes in an individual's physical nature
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cognitive processes
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changes in an individual's thought, intelligence, and language
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socioemotional processes
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changes in an individual's relationships with other people, emotions, and personality
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chronological age
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the number number of years that have elapsed since birth
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biological age
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a person's age in terms of biological health
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psychological age
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an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age
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social age
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social roles and expectations related to a person's age
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nature-nurture issue
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debate whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture
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continuity-discontinuity issue
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focuses on the extent to which development involves gradual, cumulative change (continuity) or distinct stages (discontinuity)
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stability-change issue
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involves the degree to which we become older renditions of our early experience (stability) or whether we develop into someone different from who we were at an earlier point in development (change)
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John Locke
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english philosopher - "blank slate" - end of 17th century
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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Swiss-born French philosopher - innate goodness - in the 18th century
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Paul Baltes
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developed the life-span perspective
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Jeanne Brooks-Gunn
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concluded that poverty in the first few years of life is a better predictor of school completion and achievement at 18 than povert in the adolescent years
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Marian Wright Edelman
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president of the Childrens's Defense Fund, advocater, "indicators of social neglect places US near the lowest ranking industrialized nations in the treatment of children
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Bernice Neugarten
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says problem is a shortcomming of our economic and social policies. We should support all people in our society
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Jerome Kagan
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showed that children are able to change their behavior - related to stability and change
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