Life Span Development

Front 1

the study of the changes that occur in people form birth through old age

Back 1

developmental psychology

Front 2

what are developmental psychologists are interest in

Back 2

the processes of change over time

Front 3

a method of studying developmental changes by comparing people of different ages at about the same time

Back 3

cross-section study

Front 4

a group of people born during the same period in historical time

Back 4

cohort

Front 5

a method of studying developmental changes by evaluating the same people at different points in their lives

Back 5

longitudinal studies

Front 6

a method of studying developmental changes by reconstructing a person's past through interviews and interfering the effects of past events of current behaviors

Back 6

biographical (or retrospective) study

Front 7

development from conception to birth

Back 7

prenatal development

Front 8

a developing human between 2 weeks after conception and 3 months after conception

Back 8

embryo

Front 9

a developing human 3 months after conception and birth

Back 9

fetus

Front 10

toxic substances such as alcohol or nicotine that cross the placenta and may result in birth defects

Back 10

teratogens

Front 11

a time when certain internal and external influences have a major effect on development; at other periods the same influences will have little or no effect

Back 11

critical period

Front 12

a disorder that occurs in children of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy; this disorder is characterized by facial deformities, heart defects, stunted growth, brain damage, and cognitive impairments

Back 12

alcohol spectrum disorder

Front 13

tendency to turn his or her head toward anything that touches its cheek

Back 13

rooting reflex

Front 14

tendency to suck on anything that enters the mouth

Back 14

sucking reflex

Front 15

enables the baby to swallow liquids with chocking

Back 15

swallowing reflex

Front 16

characteristic patterns of emotional reactions and emotional-self regulation

Back 16

temperament

Front 17

the acquisition of skills involving movement

Back 17

motor development

Front 18

average age at which skills are achieved

Back 18

average age/developmental norms

Front 19

the stage of cognitive develops object permanence and acquires the ability to form mental associations--> they start by applying reflexes to broad range of activities

Back 19

sensory-motor stage

Front 20

the concept that things continue to exist even when they are out of sight

Back 20

object permanence

Front 21

the individual becomes able to use mental representations and language to descibe, use mental representations and language to describe, remember and reason about the world though only in an egocentric position

Back 21

pre-operational stage

Front 22

mental images or symbols used to think about or remember an object a person or event

Back 22

mental representation

Front 23

representational thought lays round

Back 23

fantasy play

Front 24

unable to see things from another's point of view

Back 24

egocentric

Front 25

individual can attend to more than one thing at a time understand someone else's point of view though thinking is limited to concrete matters

Back 25

concrete-operational stage

Front 26

the concept that the quantity of a substance is not altered y reversible changes in its appearance

Back 26

principle of conservation

Front 27

the individual becomes capable of abstract thought

Back 27

formal-operation stage

Front 28

tend to interpret behavior in terms of its concrete consequences

Back 28

pre-conventional level

Front 29

first defines right behavior as that which pleases or helps others and is approved by them

Back 29

conventional level

Front 30

emphasis on abstract principles such as justice, liberty, and equality

Back 30

post-conventional level

Front 31

kohlberg's theory is criticized because

Back 31

many people never progress beyond the conventional level or moral reasoning ; does not consider cultural differences in moral values ; criticized as sexist

Front 32

a baby's vocalization, consisting of repetitions of consonant-vowel combinations

Back 32

babbling

Front 33

the rising and lowering of pitch that allows adults to distinguish between questions and statements

Back 33

intonation

Front 34

one-word sentences commonly used by children under 2

Back 34

holophases

Front 35

a hypothetical neural mechanism for acquiring language that is presumed to be "wired into" all humans

Back 35

language acquisition device

Front 36

evolutionary forces that have shaped language

Back 36

language instinct

Front 37

the tendency in certain species to follow the first moving thing it sees after it is born/hatched

Back 37

imprinting

Front 38

emotional bond that develops in the first year of life that makes human babies cling to their care givers for safety and comfort

Back 38

attachment

Front 39

fear of unfamiliar people that usually emerges around 7 months, reaching its peak around 12 months and declining during 2nd year

Back 39

stranger anxiety

Front 40

sense of independence; a desire to not be controlled by others

Back 40

autonomy

Front 41

process by which children learn the behaviors and attitudes appropriate to their families and cultures

Back 41

socialization

Front 42

if a toddler fails to acquire a sense of independence and separateness from others, self-doubt may take root

Back 42

autonomy v. shame and doubt

Front 43

a network of same-aged friends and acquaintances who give each other emotional support and social support

Back 43

peer group

Front 44

children must master many increasingly difficult skills, social interactions, with peers being one of them

Back 44

industry vs. inferiority

Front 45

the unique aspects of the environment that are experienced differently by siblings, even though they are reared in the same family

Back 45

non-shared enviornments

Front 46

a little girl's knowledge that she is a girl and a little boy's knowledge that he is a boy

Back 46

gender identity

Front 47

the realization that gender does not change with age

Back 47

gender constancy

Front 48

knowledge of what is appropriate for each gender

Back 48

gender-role awareness

Front 49

general beliefs about characteristics that men and women are presumed to have

Back 49

gender stereotypes

Front 50

socially prescribed ways of behavior that differ for boys and girls

Back 50

sex-typed behaviors

Front 51

cognitive advances of adolescence as an increased ability to reason abstractly

Back 51

formal operational thought

Front 52

the development of a stable sense of self necessary to make the transition from dependence on others to dependence on oneself

Back 52

identity formation

Front 53

a period of intense self-examination and decision making; part of the process of identity formation

Back 53

identity crisis

Front 54

adolescents who have passed through identity crisis and succeed in making personal choices about their beliefs and goals

Back 54

identity achievement

Front 55

they have become what others want them to be without going through an identity crisis

Back 55

identity foreclosure

Front 56

they avoid considering role options in any way

Back 56

identity diffusion

Front 57

groups of adolescents with similar interests and strong mutual attachment

Back 57

cliques

Front 58

challenge of young adulthood

Back 58

intimacy vs. isolation

Front 59

challenge of middleadulthood

Back 59

generatively vs. stagnation