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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
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light+H2O+CO2=sugar+O2
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What is the equation for cell respiration?
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sugar+O2=H2O+CO2
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What is a cuticle?
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The waxy coating on conifer tree needles ( the leaves )
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What is a gymnosperm?
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a non-flowering seed plant
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What is an angiosperm?
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Vascular plants that produce flowers and/or fruits
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What are the two classes of angiosperms?
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monocots and dicots
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What are monocots? What are dicots?
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Monocot seeds have one cotyledon; dicot seeds have two cotyledons
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What is a cotyledon?
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the seed leaves of a young plant ( if you forget, see page 309 in text book )
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What are the characterizations of animals?
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multicellular, reproduction and development, many specialized parts, movement, consuming ( they cannot make their own food, like plants )
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What is a tissue?
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many cells working together to perform a function
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What is tissue?
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many cells working together to perform a specific function
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What is an organ?
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many tissues working together to perform a specific function
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What is an organ system?
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many organs working together to perform a specific function
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What is an invertebrate?
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an animal without a backbone
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What is a vertebrate?
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an animal with a backbone
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What is the difference between a medusa and a polyp?
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medusa: jellyfish; polyp: feather dusters
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What are the arthropod characteristics?
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segmented and specialized, jointed limbs, an external skeleton, sensing surroundings
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What does "echinoderm" mean?
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spiny skinned
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What is a biome?
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a large area characterized by its climate and types of animals and plants that live in it
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What is a biosphere?
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the part of Earth where life exists
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What are filter feeders?
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clams and oysters; they attach to one place and use gills to filter food from the water
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What are bivalves?
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clams and other shellfish with two shells
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What is estivation?
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reduced activity in the summer ( opposite of hibernation )
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What is hibernation?
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reduced activity and body temperature in the winter ( opposite of estivation )
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What are the chordate characteristics?
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four body parts: tail, notochord, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches
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What are the characteristics of fish?
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eye, dorsal fin, lateral line, pelvic fin, anal fin, tail fin, gills, and pectoral fins
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What are the characteristics of reptiles?
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thick skin, body temperature ( ectotherms, and they cannot live in very cold regions ), the amazing amniotic egg
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What are the characteristics of amphibians?
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thin skin, double life ( water and land )
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What does ectothermic mean?
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animals that do not control their body temperature through activity in cells
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What does endothermic mean?
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animals that have a stable body temperature
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What are the types of fish?
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jawless fishes ( hagfish and lampreys ), cartilaginous fishes ( sharks, skates, and rays ), and bony fishes ( lungfishes, masked butterfly fish, and pike )
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What is a denticle?
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The receiving end of a neuron
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What is a diaphragm?
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a dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs
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What is a carnivore?
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an animal that eats only meat
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What is an herbivore?
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an animal that only eats plants
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What is an omnivore?
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an animal that eats both plants and meat
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What is a monotreme?
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a mammal that lays eggs
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What is a marsupial?
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a mammal that has a pouch
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What is a producer?
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organisms that use sunlight to make food
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What is a primary consumer?
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an animal that eats producers
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What is a secondary consumer?
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an animal that eats primary consumers
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What is a niche?
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An animal's way of life and their relationship with the biotic/abiotc environment; HABITAT
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What is a lagomorph?
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Jackrabbit and pica
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What are denticles?
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The sharp, tooth-like skin on a shark
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What is a haploid?
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2N gamete
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What is a diploid?
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1N gamete
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What is a consumer?
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An organism that eats other organisms
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What is a pioneer species?
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The first organisms to live in an area
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What is competition?
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Species compete for water, shelter, and food
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What is population?
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A group of the same species that live in an area
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What is community?
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all of the populations that live in an area
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What is ecology?
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The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment
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What is commensalism?
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A symbiotic relationship where one organism is benefited and the other is unaffected
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What is mutualism?
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A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
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What are the three R's?
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Reduce: using less of the earth's resources; Reuse: reusing products; Recycle: recovering materials from waste
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What are renewable resources? Nonrenewable?
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A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate it is used; Nonrenewable is a natural resource that cannot be replaced at all or one that will take millions of years to
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What is primary succession? What is secondary succession?
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Primary: when other organisms start to live where none grew before; the rock is slowly transformed to soil; Secondary: when a natural disaster destroys an area or when a farmer stops growing crops; crabgrass comes first and then a forest may form
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What does biodegradable mean?
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something that can be broken down by living organisms such as bacteria
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What is a native species? What is an alien species?
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Species that belong in an area; Native is a species that does not belong there - it came from elsewhere
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What is an herbicide?
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Something that kills weeds
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What is a pesticide?
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Something that kills insects
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What is nitrogen fixation?
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Bacteria in the soil changes nitrogen into a form plants can use
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What is biodiversity?
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Many species living in the same area so that if one species dies out, lots more will remain
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What is an estuary?
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An area where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from oceans
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What are the three types of muscle?
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Skeletal muscle - enables bones to move; Smooth muscle - pushes food through the digestive system; Cardiac muscle - pumps blood throughout the body
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What is spongy bone? Compact bone?
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Spongy bone is bone TISSUE that has many open spaces in it; it contains marrow; Compact bone is bone TISSUE that is rigid and dense; it has no visible holes in it; there are tiny blood vessels in it
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What are ligaments and what are tendons?
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Tendons attach muscle to bone; Ligaments connect bone in a joint
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What is melanin?
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A chemical that determines skin color and reduces chances of skin cancer
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Contraction=?
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pull only
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What are the types of joints?
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Sliding and gliding ( carpals ), ball-and-socket ( shoulder ), hinge ( knee ), and fixed ( cranium )
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What are the chambers of the heart?
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Right ventricle, left ventricle, right atrium, left atrium
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What is pulmonary circulation vs. systemic circulation?
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Pulmonary: circulation between the heart and lungs; Systemic: circulation between the heart and the rest of the body
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What are the blood types?
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A, B, AB, O; *"Only what is in the bag can be put in the bag"*
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What is plasma?
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Fluid part of blood; made up of water, nutrients, minerals, sugars, and proteins
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What is the larynx? The pharynx?
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Larynx: vocal chords; Pharynx: throat
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What are arteries? What are veins?
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Arteries: go FROM the heart and have pressure; Veins: go TO the heart and have no pressure; they have valves
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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
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To support, give frame to, and protect your body
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What are the parts of the lymph system?
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Tonsils: help fight infections through the mouth; Thymus: where T cells mature; Spleen: stores and produces lymphocytes and has red/white pulp; Lymph nodes: remove pathogens from lymph; Bone marrow: produces lymphocytes ( white )
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What are the functions of the urinary system?
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To filter waste from the blood
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What is the gallbladder, what does it store, where is that made, and what is it?
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A sac-like organ that stores bile made by the liver - bile breaks down lipids
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What are the pancreas products?
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Enzymes and bicarbonates that neutralize acid
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What is chemical digestion? Mechanical?
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Mechanical: the breaking, crushing, and mashing of food; it usually occurs in the mouth ( teeth ); Chemical: molecules are broken down usually in the stomach and small intestine
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What is the function of villi?
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Villi passes nutrients to the bloodstream ( it has nutrient absorbing cells on it that pass them to the bloodstream
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What are feces?
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Another name for stool - the semisolid waste materials
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What is the central nervous system? Peripheral?
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Central: brain and spinal cord; Peripheral: everything in the nervous system EXCEPT the brain and spinal cord
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What is the nerve that goes from the nose to the brain?
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Olfactory nerve
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What is the nerve that goes from the eyes to the brain?
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Optic nerve
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What are the medulla functions?
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Controls blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, and involuntary breathing
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What are the endocrine system functions?
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Regulates body processes, such as fluid balance, growth, and development by using chemicals made by glands
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What is the difference between internal and external fertilization?
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Internal: fertilization occurs inside of the female's body; External: fertilization occurs outside of the female's body
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What are rods and cones?
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Photoreceptors ( neurons that change light into electrical impulses ) inside of the retina; rods let you see dim light ( night vision ) and cones let you see bright light and detail
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What are STD's?
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Sexually transmitted diseases; chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital HPV, genital herpes, syphilis, and HIV/AIDS are STD's
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