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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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virus |
a tiny, nonliving particle that invades and then multiplies inside a living cell |
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host |
a living thing that provides a source of energy for a virus or an organism |
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parasites |
organisms that live on or in a host and cause it harm |
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bacteriophage |
a virus that infects bacteria (bacteria eater) |
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active viruses |
enter cells and immediately begin to multiply, leading to the quick death of the invaded cells |
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hidden viruses |
"hide" for awhile inside host cells before becoming active |
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vaccine |
a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific disease-causing viruses and organisms |
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bacteria |
a single-celled organism without a nucleus or some other structures that are surrounded by a rigid cell wall |
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flagellum |
a long, whiplike structure that helps a cell to move |
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binary fission |
one cell divides to form two identical cells |
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asexual reproduction |
a reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent |
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sexual reproduction |
two parents combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents |
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conjugation |
one bacterium transfers some genetic material to another bacterium through a threadlike bridge |
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endospore |
a small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell |
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pasteurization |
food is heated to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacteria without changing the taste of the food |
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decomposers |
organisms that break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals |
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protists |
eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. |
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protozoans |
unicellular animal-like protists |
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pseudopods |
temporary bulges of the cell |
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contractile vacuole |
a structure that collects the extra water and then expels it from the cell |
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cilia |
hairlike projections from cells that move with a wavelike motion |
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symbiosis |
a close relationship in which at least one of the species benefits |
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mutualism |
a symbiotic relationship when both partners benefit from living together |
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algae |
a plantlike protist that is an autotroph |
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spore |
a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism |
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fungi |
eukaryotes that have cell walls, are heterotrophs that feed by absorbing their food, and use spores to reproduce |
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hyphae |
the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi |
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fruiting bodies |
the reproductive structure where fungi produce spores |
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budding |
asexual reproduction in which a small yeast cell grows from the body of a parent cell in a way somewhat similar to the way a bud forms on a tree branch |
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lichen |
a fungus and either algae or autotrophic bacteria that live together in a mutualistic relationship |
