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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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elements |
any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
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compound |
two or more elements combined chemically |
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carbohydrates |
an energy-rich compound made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (example: sugar and starches) |
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lipids |
an energy-rich compound made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (example: fats, oils, waxes) |
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proteins |
large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and in some cases sulfur (example: meat eggs, fish, nuts, beans) |
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enzyme |
a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
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nucleic acids |
very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, plays an important role in the production of proteins |
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selectively permeable |
some substances can pass through the membrane while others cannot |
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diffusion |
the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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osmosis |
the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
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passive transport |
the movement of dissolved materials through a cell membrane without using cellular energy |
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active transport |
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy |
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photosynthesis |
the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food |
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autotroph |
an organism that makes its own food |
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heterotroph |
an organism that cannot make its own food |
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pigments |
colored chemical compounds that absorb light |
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chlorophyll |
the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts |
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stomata |
openings in the underside of leaves of plants where carbon dioxide enters |
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respiration |
the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose |
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fermentation |
an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen |
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cell cycle |
the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
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interphase |
the first stage of the cell cycle; the cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA, and prepares to divide into two cells |
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replication |
part of interphase where the cell makes an exact copy of the DNA in its nucleus |
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mitosis |
the second stage of the cell cycle; the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei |
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chromosomes |
double-rod structures that contain the cell's DNA |
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cytokinesis |
the final stage of the cell cycle; the cytoplasm divides and organelles are distributed into each of the two new cells |
