Life Science 19,20&21

Front 1

Albumins

Back 1

transport

Front 2

Globulins

Back 2

transport

Front 3

Fibrinogens

Back 3

cause blood

Front 4

nonnucleated cells that contain an iron containing the molecule hemoglobin that carries the oxygen to the cells of the body.

Back 4

RBC

Front 5

Several cell types that have nuclei & are involved in the immune system

Back 5

WBC

Front 6

the RBC cell fragments involved in blood clotting. Also involved in clotting are long strands of protein called fibrin.

Back 6

Platelets

Front 7

Carry blood AWAY from the heart

Back 7

arterioles

Front 8

Branches into smaller and smaller vessels

Back 8

arterioles

Front 9

Thick walled vessel w/ layer of connective tissue and smooth muscle

Back 9

arterioles

Front 10

able to flex w/ each beat of the heart

Back 10

elastic

Front 11

Vessels that carry blood back toward the heart

Back 11

veins

Front 12

Thin walled w/ less connective and muscle tissue surrounding them

Back 12

veins

Front 13

Arterioles and venules are connected by these microscopic vessels.

Back 13

capillaires

Front 14

Vessels are small enough that red blood cells travel through in single file

Back 14

capillaires

Front 15

Pacemaker of the heart - causes Atria to contract & sends impulse to

Back 15

sa node

Front 16

causes the Ventricles to contract

Back 16

av node

Front 17

Heart Blood flow

Back 17

vena cava (superior & inferior)  rt atrium  tricuspid valve  rt ventricle  pulmonary semi lunar valve  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary vein  left atrium  Bicuspid Valve (aka Mitral )  left ventricle Aortic semi lunar valve  Aorta  body  back to the vena cava

Front 18

takes blood to & from the Lungs (we'll talk in detail when we cover the respiratory system)

Back 18

Pulmonary

Front 19

takes blood to & from the rest of the body

Back 19

Systemic

Front 20

Sometimes include w/ the Immune System, sometimes considered its own system. It collects plasma (lymph) "leaked" from the capillaries, filters it & returns it to the blood.

Back 20

Lymphatic

Front 21

blood supplied to the heart itself

Back 21

Coronary Circulation

Front 22

Blood flow to the brain.

Back 22

Cerebral Circulation

Front 23

carries the blood from the GI tract and spleen to the liver before it enters the inferior vena cava and the general circulation

Back 23

Hepatic Portal System

Front 24

Circulation to and through the kidneys

Back 24

Renal Circulation

Front 25

carries plasma back and dumps it into the veins.

Back 25

Lymphatic Circulation

Front 26

are collecting points usually found in the armpit, groin, throat and Chest regions that are filled w/ lymphocytes and are used to filter out, trap and then destroy bacteria and microorganisms that were collected.

Back 26

Lymph nodes

Front 27

the sponge-like tissue found in the center of certain bones

Back 27

bone marrow

Front 28

stem cells

Back 28

precursors of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Front 29

Helps cleanse the blood by destroying & removing damaged RBC fragments and platelets

Back 29

spleen

Front 30

an organism or virus that causes a disease or disorder

Back 30

pathogen

Front 31

waterproof barrier w/ destructive oils and sweat to help killoff pathogen

Back 31

Skin

Front 32

nasal passages, trachea, bonchi and lungs lined w/ ciliated epithelial cells that secrete mucus and moved "captured" pathogens up & out of the respiratory tract to be expelled or swallowed!

Back 32

Breathing Passages

Front 33

Saliva and stomach acids aid in killing off pathogens

Back 33

Mouth & Stomach

Front 34

Attack, engulf & eats pathogens and destroys them.

Back 34

Phagocytes

Front 35

least abundant WBC "loves" base type stains

Back 35

Basophils

Front 36

Most abundant WBC - "loves" neutral stains

Back 36

Neutrophil

Front 37

usually a protein found on the cell membrane of the pathogen that has attacked the body

Back 37

Antigen

Front 38

protein (nonliving) that reacts w/ antigen to mark the pathogen allowing it to be recognized & then eaten by a phagocyte

Back 38

antibody

Front 39

Respiratory System - Function?

Back 39

To provide a constant supply of Oxygen and the removal of Carbon Dioxide and aids in waste removal and regulation of body temperature

Front 40

Inspired Air rich in Oxygen enters through the

Back 40

nostrils

Front 41

Goes through the nasal cavity which has many bumps & ridges called

Back 41

turbinates

Front 42

turbinates

Back 42

disrupt the air flow, slowing it down allowing it to be cleaned, warmed & humidified before going into the lungs.

Front 43

trachea is held open by

Back 43

cartilaginous rings

Front 44

Trachea branches into 2

Back 44

Bronchi

Front 45

Bronchi continue to branch into smaller & smaller

Back 45

Bronchioli

Front 46

At tips of smallest bronchioli are structures called

Back 46

Alveoli

Front 47

Excretory System Function?

Back 47

collects and removes the waste products produced by the cells of the body

Front 48

Organs of Excretory System

Back 48

kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra

Front 49

Secondary Organs of Excretory system

Back 49

Sweat Glands, Liver and the Lungs

Front 50

Kidney

Back 50

Filters blood to remove toxic cellular wastes

Front 51

lower back region of the body and is enclosed by connective tissue called a capsule. (Produces urine)

Back 51

Kidney

Front 52

Ureter

Back 52

Tube- one from each kidney that drains urine from kidneys to the bladder

Front 53

Strong muscular organ that stores the urine until released from the body through the urethra.

Back 53

Bladder

Front 54

Urethra

Back 54

connects and passes stored urine out of the body.

Front 55

The outer portion of the kidney that contain the basic functional unit

Back 55

Cortex

Front 56

Nephrons

Back 56

small independently filtering units of the kidney

Front 57

how many nephrons in each kidney?

Back 57

about a million

Front 58

The inner portion of the kidney

Back 58

Medulla

Front 59

Pelvis

Back 59

The central area of the kidney. Site where the collecting tubules combine to form the ureter

Front 60

come together & drain the newly formed urine into the ureter

Back 60

Collecting tubules

Front 61

plasma

Back 61

liquid part of blood

Front 62

platelets

Back 62

cell fragmants involed in clotting

Front 63

lymphocytes

Back 63

WBC which produce antibodies

Front 64

antigens

Back 64

foreign molecules in the body

Front 65

fibrin

Back 65

strands of protein in voled un clotting

Front 66

hemoglobin

Back 66

iron-containing molecule in RBCs

Front 67

antibodies

Back 67

react with antigens and inactivates them

Front 68

anemia

Back 68

condition in which the blood cannot carry sufficient oxygen

Front 69

leukemia

Back 69

cancer of bone marrow

Front 70

lymphatic system

Back 70

returns tissue fluid to the blood

Front 71

the tube that connects the throat &bronchial tubes

Back 71

trachea

Front 72

the clusters of air sacs within the lungs

Back 72

alveolI

Front 73

large band of muscle that controls the size of chest cavity

Back 73

diaphragm

Front 74

two large light weight respiratory organs of the body

Back 74

lungs

Front 75

outer membrane which covers the lungs

Back 75

pleural

Front 76

part of the respiratory system that heps us speak

Back 76

vocal cords

Front 77

two branches of the windpipe

Back 77

bronchi

Front 78

tube connecting kidneys to urinary bladder

Back 78

ureters

Front 79

carbon dioxide and water are excreted here during exhalation

Back 79

lungs

Front 80

structuresin the skin which excrete water, salts, and some urea

Back 80

sweat glands

Front 81

urine is expelled from the body through thsi tube

Back 81

urethra

Front 82

arteries and veins to kidneys

Back 82

renals

Front 83

microscopic units that filter he bood in the kidneys

Back 83

nephrons

Front 84

liquid waste collected and excreted by the kidneys

Back 84

urine

Front 85

removes toxic substances from the blood and converts excess amino acids to urea

Back 85

liver

Front 86

organs that filter wastes and other dissolved substances out of the blood

Back 86

kidneys

Front 87

the urinary ----- stores the urine unti it can be excreed by the body

Back 87

bladder

Front 88

endocrine gland at the top of each kidney

Back 88

adrenal

Front 89

loop of ---- at the bottom of nephron

Back 89

henle

Front 90

area at the back fo the throat where the moth and nasl cavity meet

Back 90

pharynx

Front 91

thet ratches divides into thes right and left branches

Back 91

bronchi

Front 92

opening to the windpipe

Back 92

glottis

Front 93

contains vocal cords

Back 93

larynx

Front 94

tiny air sacs where the exchange of gases between air and blood takes place

Back 94

alveoli

Front 95

flat sheet of musce seprating the chest cavity from the abdomminal cavity

Back 95

diaphragm

Front 96

inflammation of the lining of the bronchoi tubes

Back 96

bronchitis

Front 97

smaller braches of the bronchi

Back 97

bronchioles

Front 98

flap of tissue which prevents fod from entering windpipe during swallowing

Back 98

epiglottis

Front 99

tube leading from larynx to bronchi

Back 99

trachea

Front 100

blood vesels surrounding the air sacs

Back 100

capilaries

Front 101

moist membrane covering the lung and chest cavity wall on each side

Back 101

pleural

Front 102

infection of the lungs caused bu viruses, bacteria or fungi

Back 102

pnemonia