Life Savers: Gastrointestinal System

Front 1

peptic ulcer?

Back 1

is the erosion/sore of the GI tract tissue lining due to hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Front 2

small ulcers may be___

larger ulcers may cause ___

perforation of the intestinal lining is a ___

Back 2

asymptomatic

serious bleeding

medical emergency

Front 3

common causes of peptic ulcer? (4)

Back 3

1.Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria.

2.Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
(The mucus layer prevents digestive juices from damaging the stomach and intestine)eg.aspirin/ibuprofen or naproxen

3.drinking alcohol excessively

4.smoking cigarettes and using tobacco

Front 4

assessment of peptic ulcer(s)? (7)

Back 4

1.anemia
2.weight loss/ anorexia
3.n/v after eating
4.pain in chest that can last from a few minutes to a few hours and may come and go for weeks.
5.melena or hematemesis- coffee grounds
6.heartburn
7.belching

Front 5

management of peptic ulcer? (3)

Back 5

1.rest
2.bland diet
3.drug therapy

Front 6

if acute vomiting occurs with peptic ulcer, what do you do?

Back 6

keep NPO and insert NGT

Front 7

what is a bland diet?

Back 7

a diet usually highly digestible due to extremely low fiber and being extremely tender to prevent further problems to digestion. (low fiber & high protein)

Front 8

what foods are excluded in the bland diet? (4)

Back 8

1.colas and alcohol
2.fatty foods
3.all types of pepper and spices
4.chocolate and cocoa products

Front 9

what foods are examples to avoid when on a bland diet? (5)

Back 9

1.rich desserts or pastries
2.salted snacks and chips
3.fast food items
4.deep fried substances
5.gas-causing vegetables or legumes

Front 10

what type of drugs would be described during drug therapy for peptic ulcers? (8)

Back 10

1.antibiotics (if H.pylori is detected)
2.antacids
3.anti-ulcer
4.anticholinergics
5.histamine receptor antagonists
6.sedatives
7.analgesics
8.proton pump inhibitors

Front 11

1.antacids?

2.antiulcer?

3.anticholinergics?

4.histamine (H2) receptor antagonists?

5.proton pump inhibitors (PPI)?

6.sedatives?

7.analgesics?

8.antibiotics?

Back 11

1.reduce the acidity of gastric contents

2.decrease the volume and increase ph of gastric secretions

3.block the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system

4.decrease the volume and increase the ph of gastric secretions in both day and night

5.reduce the production of acid by blocking the enzyme in the wall of the stomach that produces acid

6.to produce relaxation and rest

7.narcotic or nonnarcotic; relieve pain without poducing lloss of consciousness

8.to treat infection caused by pathogenic microbes

Front 12

type of anti-ulcer drug?

Back 12

1.Carafate (sucralfate)

Front 13

type of H2 receptor antagonist drugs? (4)

Back 13

1.Pepcid (famotidine)
2.Tagamet (cimetidine)
3.Axid (nitzatidine)
4.Zantac (ranitidine hydrochloride)

Front 14

type of PPIs? (6)

Back 14

1.omeprazole (Prilosec)
2.lansoprazole (Prevacid)
3.rabeprazole (Aciphex)
4.pantoprazole (Protonix)
5.esomeprazole (Nexium)
6.Zegarid

Front 15

when should antacid drugs be given?

Back 15

after meals

Front 16

when should anti-ulcer drugs be given?

Back 16

before meals

Front 17

nursing care of peptic ulcer? (6)

Back 17

1.ongoing assessment of s/s and reaction ot tx
2.diet therapy
3.provide stress free environment
4.administer prescribed medication
5.monitor s/s for hemorrage, obstruction, and perforation
6.educate family regarding: drug therap, avoidance of stress, diet therapy, and the need of compliance to tx regimen

Front 18

type of diagnostic tests to determine an ulcer? (4)

Back 18

1.An upper GI/Barium swallow x-ray -- a series of x-rays taken after you drink a substance called barium.

2.An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) -- a special test performed by a gastroenterologist in which a thin tube is inserted through your mouth into the gastrointestinal tract to look at your stomach and small intestines.

3.Stool guaiac cards to test for blood in your stool

4.Hemoglobin test to check for anemia

Front 19

if perforation occured, what type of surgery is done?

Back 19

vagotomy

Front 20

what,why and when is vagotomy performed?

Back 20

is the surgical cutting of the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretion in the stomach

Vagotomy is performed when acid production in the stomach can not be reduced by other means.

Front 21

expectation (prognosis) for peptic ulcer?

Back 21

peptic ulcers tend to come back if untreated.

symptoms will also improve if you follow some preventive lifestyle steps.

Front 22

complications of peptic ulcers? (3)

Back 22

1.bleeding internally
2.perforation of the intestine and peritonitis
3.bowel obstruction

Front 23

hiatal hernia?

Back 23

is a protrusion of part of the stomach into the esophagus

Front 24

cause for hiatal hernia?

Back 24

cause by a defect in the diaphragm wall at the point where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm

Front 25

risk factors for hiatal hernia? (6)

Back 25

1.increasing age
2.obesity
3.smoking
4.trauma
5.pregnancy
6.harsh coughing

Front 26

what occurs with a hiatal hernia?

Back 26

reflux (backflow) of gastric acid from the stomach goes into the esophagus.

Front 27

assessment for hiatal hernia? (6)

Back 27

1.regurgitation
2.dysphagia
3.dyspnea
4.heartburn
5.sternal pain after eating
6.belching

Front 28

where does pain and discomfort usually come from?

Back 28

usually due to the reflux of gastric acid, air, or bile.

Front 29

managment for hiatal hernia? (8)

Back 29

1.fundoplication
2.bland diet
3.IV therapy
4.monitor and record I&O
5.weight management
6.NGT
7.elevate HOB
8.avoid caffeine and ETOH

Front 30

what is fundoplication?

Back 30

"wrapping" of the upper part of stomach (fundus) around the lower esophageal spinchter (cardiac sphincter) to prevent acid from backing up into the esophagus as easily (reflux)

Front 31

nursing care for hiatal hernia? (5)

Back 31

1.administer prescribed drugs
2.assess for s/s and reaction to txs
3.provide prescribed diet (usually bland)
4.monitor I&O
5.educatee pt./family regarding drug therapy, activities, diet, and the need for compliance in tx regimen

Front 32

diagnostic test to determine a hiatal hernia? (2)

Back 32

1.Barium swallow x-ray
2.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Front 33

classified drugs during drug therapy?

Back 33

1.Antacids are used to neutralize gastric acid and decrease heartburn.

2.Drugs that reduce the amount of acid produced in the stomach (H2 blockers) are also used.

3. GI stimulant that increases the tone of the muscle around the esophagus and causes the stomach to empty more quickly.

Front 34

tx of mild symptoms of hiatal hernia?(2)

Back 34

1.begins with making lifestyle changes, if needed

2.taking nonprescription antacids, acid reducers, or acid blockers.

Front 35

expectations (prognosis)for hiatal hernia?

Back 35

most symptoms are alleviated with treatment

Front 36

complication for hiatal hernia?

Back 36

1.Pulmonary (lung) aspiration
2.Slow bleeding and iron eficiency anemia (due to a large hernia)
2.Strangulation (closing off) of the hernia

Front 37

types of drugs for hiatal hernia?

Back 37

H2 antagonist:
famotidine (Pepcid) cimetidine (Tagamet)
ranitidine (Zantac)

(PPI)proton pump inhibitor:
Omeprazole (Prilosec)

GI stimulant:
metoclopramide (Reglan)

Front 38

describe the type of meal a hiatal hernia are recomended?

Back 38

small, frequent meals will keep pressure down on the esophageal sphincter.

Front 39

what do you do to help with both qaulity and quantity of sleep with a patient with hiatal hernia?

Back 39

raise the head of the bed several inches

Front 40

crohn's disease (regional enteritis)?

Back 40

a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestines

Front 41

what does crohn's disease primarily cause?

Back 41

ulcerations (breaks in the lining) of the small and large intestines, but can affect the digestive system anywhere from the mouth to the anus.

Front 42

what is the exact cause of Crohn's disease?

Back 42

it's unknown, however, the condition is linked to a problem with the body's immune system response

Front 43

how is the immune system effected?

Back 43

(normally, the immune system helps protect the body)

the immune system can't tell the difference between good substances and foreign invaders. The result is an overactive immune response that leads to chronic inflammation. This is called an autoimmune disorder.