Life On Earth

Front 1

what name is given to the total variation that exists amongsts living things on earth ???

Back 1

biodiversity

Front 2

what nameis given to factors that affect a species and are a result of the activities of living things ???

Back 2

biotic factors

Front 3

give some examples of biotic factors that can affect a species.

Back 3

availability of food, disease , predators.

Front 4

what name is given to factors that can affect a species, that are non-living ???

Back 4

Abiotic factors

Front 5

name some Abiotic factors that can affect a species.

Back 5

ph, temprature, rainfall, light intensity.

Front 6

Name the biological unit that is made up of living and non-living parts ???

Back 6

ecosystem

Front 7

what name is given to a place where an organism lives ???

Back 7

Habitat

Front 8

Name three humsn influences over the enviroment that reduces biodiversity.

Back 8

Air pollution , deforestation and desertificstion.

Front 9

when animals graze ,what grazing pressure

should be applied by the animals to promote

biodiversity ???

Back 9

medium pressure

Front 10

name two gases that contribute to acid

rain ???

Back 10

sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide.

Front 11

When electricity-generating power stations

that use water as a coolant , put the warm

water back into the river, whata happens to

the amount of dissolved oxygen ???

Back 11

Decreases the amount of oxygen

Front 12

what two factors are used to distinguish

between biomes?

Back 12

climate change and the flora (plants) and

fuana (animals) that live there.

Front 13

what name is used to describe an

organisms role in the community and

its whole way of life ???

Back 13

Niche

Front 14

which type of organism is always found

at the start of a food chain ???

Back 14

Producer (plant)

Front 15

what name is given to an organism that

consumes a producer ???

Back 15

Primary consumer

Front 16

what name is given to an oranism that

consumes a primary cosumer ???

Back 16

secondary consumer

Front 17

name the two ways in which energy is lost

at each stage in a food chain ???

Back 17

Heat and movement

Front 18

Name the type of pyramid that shows the

number of organisms at each stage in a

food chain.

Back 18

Pyramid of NUmbers

Front 19

Name the type of pyramidthat shows the

(total mass of living thing matter) at each stage

in a food chain.

Back 19

Pyramid of biomass

Front 20

Name the type of pyramid that shows the

total enrgy at each stage in a food

chain.

Back 20

Pyramid of energy

Front 21

Name the process by which nitrogen is

recycled betwwen the air, soil, animals

and plants.

Back 21

Nitrogen cycle

Front 22

Name the stage of the nitrogen cycle

where nitrogen gas is taken directly

from the air and changed into nitrates ???

Back 22

Nitrogen fixation

Front 23

Which plants can carry out nitrogen-fixation ???

Back 23

Peas, beans and clover.

Front 24

Name the process by which nitrates can be converted back to nitrogen

gas in one step.

Back 24

Denitrification

Front 25

Name the process by which waste material from plants and animals is

broken down by bacteria into ammonia.

Back 25

Decomposition

Front 26

26. Name the process by which the ammonia in the nitrogen cycle is

converted to nitrites and then nitrates.

Back 26

Nitrification

Front 27

27. Name the type of competitiion that occurs between members of

different species for a resource that is short supply.

Back 27

Interspecific competition

Front 28

28. Name the type of competition that occurs between members of the

SAME species for a resource that is in short of supply.

Back 28

Intraspecific competition

Front 29

29. Which squirrel outo of brown and gray is more successful at competing

for resources ???

Back 29

grey squirrel

Front 30

30. Which trout out of brown trout and rainbow trout is more successful at

competing for resources ???

Back 30

Rainbow trout

Front 31

31. which type of competition is shown by cress seeds in a dish competing

for light, water and soilnutrients ???

Back 31

Intraspecific competition

Front 32

32. How do birds like robins and grouse reduce aggression between

members of the same species during intraspecific competition ???

Back 32

Build territories

Front 33

33. What do robins do to defend their territories ???

Back 33

Puff out their red chest, sing loud pitched songs and use social signals.

Front 34

34. What name is give to the sampling technique whereby a beaker is

placed in the soil and covered over to try and sample the organisms in a

soil ecosystem ???

Back 34

Pitfall trap

Front 35

35. Why might you not get an accurate picture of what is in a soil

ecosystem ???

Back 35

Aniamls may eat each other if left in the trap too long.

Front 36

36. What sampling technique is needed to sample plants growing in a field ???

Back 36

Quadrats

Front 37

37. What sampling technique is neede to sample the type of organisms in

a tree ???

Back 37

Tree-beating

Front 38

38. Why might you not get an accurate picture about the types of organism

that are in the tree when using tree-beating ???

Back 38

organisms may miss the mouth of the net or the

tray below, some may fly away, or some may

not become disoldged in the firstplace.

Front 39

What sampling technique is used to sample organisms in water ???

Back 39

Water net

Front 40

What sampling technique is used to sample organisms in water ???

Back 40

Water net

Front 41

40. Why might you not get an accurate picture of what is in the water when using a water net ???

Back 41

Organisms might miss the mouth of the net or they swim through the holes

Front 42

41. What instrument can be used to measure light intensity in an ecosystem???

Back 42

Light meter

Front 43

42. why might the reading on a light meter not be accurate ???

Back 43

Somebody might create a shadow by standing in the way of the sensor.

Front 44

43. Which instrument can be used to measure moist content of the soil ???

Back 44

Moisture meter

Front 45

43. Which instrument can be used to measure moist content of the soil ???

Back 45

Moisture meter

Front 46

44. Why might you not get an accurate reading when a moisture meter ???

Back 46

Prior not being wiped in between readings.

Front 47

45. Which instrument can be used to measure the ph of the soil ???

Back 47

Ph meter

Front 48

46. What name is given to a change in the structure or composition of an organism’s genetic material ???

Back 48

Mutation

Front 49

49. Name some mutagenic agents.

Back 49

X-rays, gramma rays, Uv light and mustard gas.

Front 50

50. What name is given to inherited characteristics that make an organism

well-suited to its enviroment ???

Back 50

Adaptation

Front 51

51. What does a desert kangaroo rat do to try and avoid the heat during the

day ???

Back 51

Burrows underground where it is cooler.

Front 52

52. What name is given to the process by which the organisms with the

phenotypes best suited to the enviroment are selected, survive to

reproductive age and pass on their genes to the next generation. The

poorer members are also weeded out and die before being able to pass

on their genes to the next generation ???

Back 52

Natural selection

Front 53

53. What name is given to the process by which a new species is made ???

Back 53

Specification.

Front 54

54. Define a species.

Back 54

A group of interbreeding organisms that are able to

produce fertile offspring.

Front 55

55. Name the steps invloved in the formation of a new species (specification).

Back 55

Large interbreeding population, isolation barrier splits the group up,

muations happen in each of the two groups, natural selection occurs

in each group, many natural selections later a new species is fromed,

as the two groups are unable to interbreed once the barrier is removed.

Front 56

56. What name is given to the growing of the vast population of one type of

crop plant ???

Back 56

Monoculture

Front 57

57. Why is there a need for an increse in food yield compared to the food

yield in the 1800s ???

Back 57

Increased population

Front 58

58. Which nutrient can get depleted from soil if crops are constantly growing

on the same bit of soil ???

Back 58

Nitrogen

Front 59

59. What chemical can be added to soil to replace the nitrates and

phosphates that are depleted ???

Back 59

Fertilisers

Front 60

60. If excess fertiliser is added to a river, which water plants will use it as a

source of food ???

Back 60

Algea

Front 61

61. What name is given to the rapid growth of algae which use fertiliser as a

source of food ???

Back 61

Algae Bloom

Front 62

62. When algae die in large numbers after growing too fast who

decomposes them ???

Back 62

Bacteria

Front 63

63. What happens to the number of bacteria that decompose the algae in a

river full of fertiliser and what happens to the oxygen levels ???

Back 63

Number of bacteria increase, oxygen levels decrease

Front 64

64. What do reduced oyxgen levels in the river to the fish ???

Back 64

Kills them

Front 65

65. Who would feed on dead fish in a river ???

Back 65

Bacteria

Front 66

66. What chemicals can be added to Crops to kill off pests which may ruin a

crop ???

Back 66

Pesticides

Front 67

67. What name is given to species that by their presence can tell you about

the levels of pollution in an ecosystem ???

Back 67

Indicator Species.

Front 68

68. What can the presence of different lichens tell you abput levels of

pollution in the environment ???

Back 68

They can tell you about levels os sulphur

dioxide pollution.

Front 69

69. What can the presence of sludgeworm and rate-tailed maggots in a river

tell you about the levels of pollutions ???

Back 69

They are high and the levels of

oxygen are low.

Front 70

70. What name is given to the process by which a natural enemy of an

animal is used to control numbers of them being a pest ???

Back 70

Biological Control

Front 71

71. What organissm can be used to control aphids ???

Back 71

Ladybirds

Front 72

72. Name a virus that was introduced as part of biological control to control

the numbers of South American Cottontail Rabbit.

Back 72

Myxomatosis

Front 73

What is the area where an organism (or group of organisms) live ???

Back 73

Community

Front 74

What is the total number of one species of plant or animal in a habitat ???

Back 74

Population

Front 75

What does the arrows in a food chain represent ???

Back 75

The direction of energy flow.

Front 76

What percentage of the energy is passed on to the consumer ???

Back 76

10%

Front 77

What are the advantages of the pyramid of numbers ???

Back 77

relatively simple to measure.

Front 78

What are the disadvantages of the pyramid of numbers ???

Back 78

Doesnt give an accurate represntation for some food chains e.g.

Front 79

What are the advantages for the pyramid of energy ???

Back 79

is more accurate representation than either of the other pyramids.

Front 80

What are the diadvantages of the pyramid of energy ???

Back 80

Very difficult to get a reliable measurement of the energy content of some organisms.