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264 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Official name of UK
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Great Britain
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England, Wales and Scotland
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Crown dependencies
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Isle of Man, Channel Islands
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UK parliaments
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Based in Westminster but Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales also have their own
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When did Britain become separated from continent
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10000 years ago
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first farmers
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6000 years ago
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where is Stonehenge?
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Wiltshire
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what was Stonehenge?
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gathering place for seasonal ceremonies
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best preserved prehistoric village
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Skara Brae on Orkney
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bronze age
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4000 years ago
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hill fort from the iron age
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Maiden Castle in Dorset
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language iron age
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part of Celtic family
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Celtic today
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Wales, Scotland, Ireland
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first minted coins
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iron age
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first attempt of Roman invasion
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55 BC by Julius Caesar
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successful Roman invasion of Britain
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43 AD by Emperor Claudius
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who is Boudicca?
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queen of the Iceni, resisted to Roman invasion
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where is Boudicca’s statue
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Westminster bridge
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names of 2 forts in Hadrian wall
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Housesteads, Vindolanda
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how long did Romans stay in Britain?
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400 years
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first Christian communities in Britain?
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3rd and 4th centuries
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When did Roman army leave Britain?
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410 AD
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When was Britain finally invaded by Angles and Saxons?
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around 600AD
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Where can you find the burial place of a Anglo-Saxon king
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Sutton Hoo in Suffolk
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Did the Anglo-Saxons invade the whole of Britain?
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No, Wales and Scotland were left
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who is the patron saint of Ireland?
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Saint Patrick
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Who is Saint Patrick?
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He was a Christian missionary from Ireland who spread religion in the north
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Who was St Columba?
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Irish missionary who founded a monastery on the island of Iona
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who was the first archbishop of Canterbury?
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St Augustine
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When did Vikings first arrive in Britain?
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789 AD
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Who eventually defeated the Vikings?
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King Alfred the Great
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Name of area where Vikings settlers stayed
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Danelaw
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First of Danish kings to rule Englad
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Cnut aka Canute
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Name of king that united people against the Vikings in the North
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Kenneth McAlpin
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When did the Norman Conquest start?
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1066 led by William, Duke of Normandy
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Famous battle at beginning of Norman Conquest
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Battle of Hastings
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Who was defeated at the battle of Hastings?
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Harold, Saxon king of England
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Other name of William, Duke of Normandy
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William the Conqueror
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What famous artifact depicst the battle of Hastings?
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Tapestry of Bayeux
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What was the last successful invasion of England?
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the Norman conquest
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What is the Domesday Book?
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Survey commissioned by William. Lists town, villages, people and animals
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What does Middle Ages refer to?
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Period between Norman conquest and 1485
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What is the Statute of Rhuddlan?
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Treaty by Edward I of England that annexes Wales to the Crown of England in 1284
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What are Conwy and Caernarvon?
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Castles built by the English to maintain power in Wales
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Who is Robert the Bruce?
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Scottish leader who defeated the English in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn.
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What is the battle of Bannockburn?
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1314, the Scottish led by Robert the Bruce defeated the English.
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What is the Pale?
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An area of Ireland around Dublin controlled by the British during the Middle Ages
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Some wars in the Middle Ages
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English Kings took part in the Crusades, Hundred Years war with France
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Most famous battle of the Hundred Years war?
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Battle of Agincourt 1415
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What happened at the Battle of Agincourt?
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King Henri V defeated the French
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When did English left France after the Hundred Years war?
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1450
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what is feudalism?
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system of land ownership used by Normans. King gave land to lords in return for help in war. Most peasants were serfs.
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When was the Black Death?
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1348
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Death rate of the Black Death?
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roughly one third of population across England, Scotland and Wales
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Origin of parliament?
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Can be traced back to the king’s council of advisers
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When did the king’s power started being limited
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1215 with Magna Carta
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What was the Magna Carta?
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King John was forced to agree to it: king subject to law. Must involve its noblemen in decisions.
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Who was initially sitting in House of Lords?
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great landowners, bishops, nobility
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Who was initially sitting in House of Commons?
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knights, small landowners, wealthy people
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Origin of 2 Houses (Lords and Commons)
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After Magna Carta numbers of members in Parliament increased and it was divided in 2 parts
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List of Houses in Scottish parliament
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3 Estates: lords, commons, clergy
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development of legal system in England
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system of ‘common law’ using precedence and tradition
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development of legal system in Scotland
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laws were ‘codified’ (written down)
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When did English become used in official documents?
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1400
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When did English become the preferred language used by the royal court and parliament?
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1400
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One of the first books to be printed in England?
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The Canterbury Tales
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Who printed the Canterbury Tales?
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William Caxton
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One of the first Scottish poets
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John Barbour, The Bruce (about the battle of Bannockburn)
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Examples of castles built in the Middle Ages and still in use today
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Windsor, Edinburgh
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Examples of cathedrals built during the Middle Ages
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Lincoln Cathedral
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Example of stained glass in a cathedral
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York Minster
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Important English export during the Middle Ages
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wool
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What was the War of the Roses about?
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Dispute between House of Lancaster and House of York over the throne
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end of the War of the Roses
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battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. King Richard III (York) was killed. Henry VII became king (Lancaster)
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Who was the first king of the house of Tudor?
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King Henri VII who took the throne after death of Richard III in battle of Bosworth Field in 1485
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When did the War of the Roses start?
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1455
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What is Henry VIII famous for?
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breaking away from the Church and marrying 6 times
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the 6 wives of Henry VIII
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Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr
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Who was executed by Henry VIII for taking lovers?
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Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard
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Who established the Church of England?
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Henry VIII in order to divorce his first wife, breaking away from Rome
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When did protestant ideas become popular in Britain?
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During the 16th century
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Protestantism and Ireland under Henry VIII?
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the English attempted to impose protestantism in Ireland which led to rebellion and fighting
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When did Wales officially join England?
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Under Henry VIII with the Act for the Government of Wales
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Who succeeded to Henry VIII
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Edward VI, reigned 6 years and died at 15. Was replaced by his half-sister Mary
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What was the Book of Common Prayer?
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protestant book written under Edward VI to be used by the Church of England
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Why was Mary called Bloody Mary?
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because she was catholic and persecuted protestants
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Who was Elizabeth?
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the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
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Was Elizabeth Catholic or Protestant?
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Protestant. She re-established the Church of England as official Church
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When was the peak of Elizabeth I’s popularity?
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1588, victory over Spanish armada that attacked England to restore catholicism
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when did Scotland break away from the authority of the Pope?
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1560: Scottish Parliament abolished authority of the Pope
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who was Mary Stuart?
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She became queen of Scotland when she was 1 week old. Called ‘Mary Queen of Scots’
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What happened to Mary Queen of Scots?
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She was taken prisoner by Elizabeth I for 20 years then executed because suspected of wanting to take over the English throne
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Who was Sir Francis Drake?
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One of the commanders who fought against the Spanish Armada. His ship was called the Golden Hind
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What was the Golden Hind?
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Sir Francis Drake’s ship, one of the first to sail around the world
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When did English settlers start colonizing America?
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under Elizabeth I
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Dates of William Shakespeare
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1564-1616
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birthplace of Shakespeare
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Stratford-upon-Avon
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Where does the quote ‘Once more unto the breach’ come from?
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Shakespeare’s Henry V
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Where does the quote ‘A rose by any other name’ come from?
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Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet
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Where does the quote ‘All the world’s a stage’ come from?
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Shakespeare’s As You Like It
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Where does the quote ‘The darling buds of May’ come from?
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Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 - Shall I compare thee to a Summer’s Day
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When did Elizabeth die?
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1603
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King James bible
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new version of the bible in English. Still used in some Protestant churches today
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Main religion in Ireland
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Catholicism
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When did England control the whole of Ireland?
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under Henry VII and Henry VIII
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What are plantations?
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Settlements by English protestants in Ireland. English government encouraged settlers to live in Ulster.
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When did the English settle in Northern Ireland?
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under James I and Elizabeth I
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Origins of English civil war
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Charles I made decision without agreement of the Parliament for 11 years, tried to impose a revised prayer book.
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Start of English civil war
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1642, when Parliament asked to take control of the army, Charles I entered Parliament to arrest members.
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Names of 2 factions in English Civil War
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Cavaliers (loyal to the King), Roundheads (supporting Parliament)
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Battles of Marston Moor and Naseby
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During English Civil war, king’s army defeated
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What happened to Charles I?
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by the end of the English Civil War he was arrested and executed in 1649
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Origins of the Commonwealth
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Name of the English republic created during the English Civil War under Oliver Cromwell
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Battles of Dunbar and Worcester
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Happened when Charles II of Scotland tried to invade England but was defeated by Oliver Cromwell. Oak tree anecdote.
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Death of Oliver Cromwell
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1658
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what is the Restauration?
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Power vacuum after Cromwell’s death. Parliament invited Charles II to come back from exile.
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What happened in London under Charles II?
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Plague in 1665, great fire in 1666
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Who was the architect of the new St Paul’s cathedral?
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Sir Christopher Wren
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Who is Samuel Pepys?
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He wrote about the great fire of London
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Habeas Corpus
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became law in 1679. Every prisoner has a right to a court hearing. No one can be held prisoner unlawfully.
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When was the Royal Society formed?
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Under Charles II
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Famous members of the Royal Society
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Isaac Newton, Edmund Haley
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Dates of Isaac Newton
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1643 - 1727
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Newton’s most famous book
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Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, shows how gravity applies to the whole universe
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Who succeeded to Charles II?
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King James II in 1685 who was Catholic
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What is the Glorious Revolution?
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William -James’s daughter’s husband- took over the throne from James II without having to fight, thus restoring power to the Parliament. Became Willam III of England.
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What is the Battle of the Boyne?
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James II tried to regain the throne by invading Ireland with help of French army. Was defeated by William III.
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Origins of massacre of Glen Coe
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There was support for James II in Scotland. Scottish clans were required to take an oath to accept William III as king. The McDonalds were late to take the oath and were killed.
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Name of supporters of James II
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Jacobites
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What is the Bill of Rights
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1689. Confirms the limit of the King’s power and the role of Parliament. Parliament to be elected every 3 years (nowadays 5)
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How often is Parliament re-elected?
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Every 5 years
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2 main groups in Parliament under William III?
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Whigs and Tories
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Beginning of free press in Britain
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In 1695, newspapers were allowed to operate without a government license
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Constitutional monarchy
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Started after the Glorious Revolution. The King cannot make decisions without the agreement of Parliament
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Who could elect members of Parliament under William III?
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Only great landowners and no women
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‘pocket boroughs’
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Under William III, constituencies controlled by a single wealthy family
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‘rotten boroughs’
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Constituency with no voters at all
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Huguenots
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Protestant refugees persecuted in France for being Protestant and who fled to England between 1680 and 1720
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Act of Union
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Treaty signed in 1707 that created the Kingdom of Great Britain
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First Prime Minister
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Sir Robert Walpole from 1721 to 1742
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Highland Clearances
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During early 19th century after Scottish clans lost their influence, Scottish landlords started evicting small farmers to free up large pieces of land for flock. Many Scottish people left for America.
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What is Hogmanay?
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Scottish new year
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Who was Robert Burns?
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Scottish poet (1759-96), known for Auld Lang Syne
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Famous names of the Enlightment
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Adam Smith, James Watt, David Hume
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When did the principle of freedom of opinion got strong in Britain?
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During Enlightment
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Industrial Revolution
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Rapid development of industry between 18th and 19th century
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Bessemer process
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method of mass production of steel developed during the Industrial Revolution
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Who is Richard Arkwright?
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During the 18th century, improved efficiency of textile industry using machines
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Aspects of Industrial Revolution
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Development of transport links (canals), poor working conditions, colonisation of Australia, Canada and India
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Who opened the first curry house in Britain?
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Indian Sake Dean Mahomet in 1810.
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where does ‘shampoo’ come from?
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Introduced in England by Sake Dean Mahomet, the Indian art of head massage
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anti-slavery movement
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anti-slavery groups set up by Quakers late 1700s, William Wilberforce, 1807 trading slaves in British ships is forbidden. 1833 slavery abolished throughout British Empire
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Who was William Wilberforce?
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Played key role in abolitionist movement
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What is the Emancipation Act?
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Abolition of slavery throughout British Empire in 1833
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When was voting age at 18 introduced?
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1969
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When were the Welsh assembly and the Scottish parliament created?
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1999
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Crosses inside the British flag
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St George (England), St Andrew (Scotland) and St Patrick (Ireland)
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when did the 13 American colonies declare their independence?
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In 1776
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County Courts are used for?
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civil disputes: divorce, breach of contract...
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Who built the Tower of London?
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William the Conqueror after he became king in 1066
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What are devolved administrations?
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Administrations in Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Can pass laws on matters that directly affect them, including health and education
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When does a by-election take place?
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When an MP does or resign
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What is the most popular sport in Britain?
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football
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Who was restored in 1660 as king?
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Charles II, son of Charles I. Charles I was executed during civil war. His son was made king of Scotland then was invited to return to the English throne.
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The Troubles
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Conflict over unity of Ireland
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Battle of Trafalgar
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1805. British fleet fought against Spanish and French fleet. Admiral Nelson won but was killed
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Ship of Admiral Nelson
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HMS Victory
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Battle of Waterloo
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Defeat of Napoleon against the Duke of Wellington in 1815
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When did Ireland join England, Scotland and Wales
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1801 following the Act of Union of 1800
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Crimean War
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war between UK, France, Turkey against Russia. 1853 to 1856
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Ireland in 19th century
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Because of famine 1 million people died, many more emigrated
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Fenians
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Iris people supporting complete independence
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Charles Stuart Panel
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Irish guy who supported ‘Home Rule’ whereby Northern Ireland would have its own parliament
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when could wives keep their earnings and properties
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Following Acts of Parliament in 1870 and 1882
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when could women vote in Britain?
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1918 women older than 30 could vote. In 1928 they could vote from 21
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The Boer War
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1899 to 1902. Settlers from the Netherlands in South Africa fought against the British
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1st world war Allied Powers
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Britain, France, Russia, Japan, Belgium, USA
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1st world war Central Powers
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Germany, Austro-Hungarian empire, Ottoman empire
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battle of the Somme
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1st world war battle resulting in 60000 casualties for the British in 1916
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End of the 1st world ward
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11am on 11 November 1918
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When was Ireland partitionned?
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in 1921, following Home Rule proposition in 1913 (Parliament for Ireland). Home Rule opposed by protestants in the North.
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Who said ‘I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat
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Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965)
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the Blitz
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night-time bombing of British cities in 1950 by the Germans
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Battle of Britain
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aerial battle against German air force in 1940
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Who discovered penicillin
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Alexander Fleming
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Who developed television?
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John Logie Baird (Scotland)
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Who developed the radar?
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Sir Robert Watson-Watt
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Who co-discovered insulin?
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John MacLeold
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Who got nobel prize for work on structure of the DNA?
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Francis Crick
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Dialect in Scotland
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Gaelic
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Dialect in Ireland
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Irish Gaelic
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UK Population today
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Over 62 million
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UK Population today
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Over 62 million
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Which sports started in Britain?
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cricket, football, lawn tennis, golf, rugby
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Origins of the paralympics
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Sir Ludwig Guttman
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What are the Ashes?
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cricket competition between England and Australia
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Who is Bobby Moore?
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captain of an English football team that won the World Cup in 1966
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British cyclists
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Sir Chris Hoy, Bradley Wiggins
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Who is Mo Farah?
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British distance runner who won gold medals in the 2012 olympics
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Who was Henry Purcell?
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organist at Westminster Abbey in 17th century
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Who is Gustav Holst?
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Early 20th century composer known for The Planets
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Age range for Youth Court
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10 to 17
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Speaker of the House of Commons
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MP elected by fellow MPs in secret ballot, who has to remain neutral but is still an MP
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Laurence Olivier Awards
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Theatre awards
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How old do you have to be to stand for public office?
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18
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rule regarding dogs in public places
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All dogs in public places must wear a collar showing name and address
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What is the role of a jury
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Attend a trial then decide “guilty” or “not guilty”
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Most famous sailing event
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Cowes on the Isle of Wight
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Who opens the parliamentary session each year?
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The monarch
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Commonwealth core values
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democracy, good government, rule of law
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Origins of Halloween
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pagan festival to mark the beginning of Winter
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Isambard Kingdom Brunel
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Famous 19th century engineer who built tunnels, bridges, railway lines and ships
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Reform Act of 1832
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increased the number of men who could vote, abolished rotten boroughs
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Emmeline Pankhurst
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campaigned for women to be given the vote. Her supporters were called ‘suffragettes’
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famous British runner
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Dame Kelly Holmes
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Meaning of system called ‘first past the post’
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in each constituency the candidate who gets the most votes is elected
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Isle of Wight festival
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Music festival
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British nobel price in literature
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William Golding, Seamus Heaney, Harold Pinter
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What are PCCs?
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Police and Crime Commissioners, elected by the public in England and Wales
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Who was appointed Lord Protector?
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Oliver Cromwell in after execution of Charles I
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Where is the Giant’s Causeway?
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Northern Ireland
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who is Jessica Ennis?
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won gold medal in heptathlon
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How old do you have to be to drive a moped?
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16
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Steve Redgrave
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famous rower who won gold medals in Olympics
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date of St David
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1st of March
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Who is the patron saint of Wales?
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St David
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date of St Patrick
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17th March
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Who invented the Hovercraft?
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Sir Christopher Cockerell
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St George’s day
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23rd April
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St Andrew’s day
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30th November
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When do you obtain your NI?
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just before your 16th birthday
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The Butler Act
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Education Act 1944 introduces free secondary school, division between primary and secondary school
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Who invented the ATM?
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James Goodfellow
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Thomas Hardy
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Famous author and poet (1840-1928) Far from the madding crowd, Jude the Obscure
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2 famous pioneers of early railway engines
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George and Robert Stephenson
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capital city of Wales
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Cardiff
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What happens for drivers older than 70?
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They have to renew their driving license every 3 years
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MOT tests
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If your car is more than 3 years old, you have to pass a MOT test every year
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Where can you get legal advice from?
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Citizens Advice Bureau, solicitors
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How many members is in a jury of Scotland?
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15
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Number of members in a jury in England, Wales and Northern Ireland?
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12
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Who can vote to all UK elections?
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UK-born and naturalized citizens + Commonwealth citizens
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Who appoints life peers in the House of Lords?
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the monarch, but the Prime Minister can nominate them
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What wellfare changes were introduced by the labour government in 1945?
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NHS and social security for all
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Origins of Rugby
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rugby originated in England in the 19th century
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Which event did Queen Elizabeth II celebrate in 2012?
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Diamond Jubilee (60 years as queen)
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What is the Good Friday agreement?
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In 1998 provided the basis for the creation of the Northern Ireland assembly
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what is the national flower of Wales?
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the daffodil
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What is the function of the Chancellor of the Exchequer?
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responsible for the economy, part of the cabinet
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What does the ‘Dunkirk Spirit’ relate to?
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Rescue of 300000 men from the beaches in 1940 using many small boats.
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Who was supporting Charles I during the Civil War?
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the Cavaliers (as opposed to the Roundheads)
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Traditional food in Northern Ireland
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Ulster fry (bacons, eggs, sausage, black pudding)
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Who can stand for public office?
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Most UK citizens, Irish republic and Commonwealth. Members of the armed forces cannot.
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David Hockney
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Important contributor of the pop art movement
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Henry Moore
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Famous for abstract sculptures
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What is the age limit for jury service?
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70. You can serve jury between 18 and 70.
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Who are the Chartists?
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In 1830s, 1840s, campaigned for changes to the voting system (annual elections + equality of regions)
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Famous British novelists
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Evelyn Waugh, Sir Kingsley Amis, Graham Greene
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Famous British poets
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Robert Browning, Lord Byron, William Blake, Wilfred Owen
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Who wrote Tyger Tyger
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William Blake
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British fashion designers
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Mary Quant, Alexander McQueen
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Responsibilities of the Home Secretary
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crime, policing, immigration
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Names of other ministers (not Exchequer, Foreign or Home)
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Secretaries of State
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Name of electoral registration in Northern Ireland
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Individual Registration
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