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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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atom |
the basic unit of a chemical element the basic building blocks of matter |
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What three particles make up an atom? |
protons, neutrons and electrons |
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proton |
positively charged particles found within the nucleus of an atom |
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electron |
negatively charged particles found around the nucleus of an atom |
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neutron |
uncharged particles found within the nucleus of an atom |
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isotope |
two or more of the same element that contain equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
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isomer |
each of two or more compounds with the same chemical makeup but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule |
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monomer |
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer |
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polymer |
a number of monomers bonded together |
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compound |
a mixture composed of two or more separate elements |
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covalent bond |
electrons are shared between atoms |
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hydrogen bond |
attraction between a slightly negative atom and a slightly positive hydrogen always involves two polar molecules |
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ionic bond |
electrons are transferred "stolen" between atoms |
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ion |
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
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What four elements make up 96.3% of the human body's mass? |
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen |
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double bond |
forms when two electron pairs are shared |
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polar covalent bonds |
unequal sharing of electrons between bonds |
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adhesion |
The tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another. |
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cohesion |
The sticking together of particles of the same substance. |
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matter |
anything that takes up space and has mass |
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chemical bond |
an attraction between two or more atoms the goal is for the atom to complete its outer most shell |
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mixture |
two or more substances just put together (no new substance formed) |
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element |
the simplest substance; cannot be broken down by "ordinary chemical means" |
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properties of an acid |
"sour taste" has a high concentration of hydrogen ions pH scale of 1-6 (1 is the strongest and 6 is the weakest) |
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properties of a base |
"bitter taste" has a high concentration of hydroxyl ions pH scale of 8-14 (8 is the weakest and 14 is the strongest) |
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What is the most abundant compound in living things? |
water |
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What are the four major organic compounds? |
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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What is the purpose of carbohydrates? |
energy |
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What is the short term energy of carbohydrates? |
sugar |
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What is the long term energy of carbohydrates? |
starch |
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What are the elements of carbohydrates? |
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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What are the categories for carbohydrates? |
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides |
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monosaccharide |
building block 1 sugar unit (simple sugar) diffuses through a membrane |
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What are examples of monosaccharides? |
glucose, fructose, and galactose |
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disaccharide |
2 sugar units (complex sugars) cannot diffuse through a membrane |
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What are examples of disaccharides? |
sucrose, lactose, and maltose |
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dehydration synthesis |
The process of joining two molecules or compounds by removal of water |
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hydrolysis |
The chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water |
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polysaccharide |
many complex sugar units complex carbohydrates and starches |
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What are examples of polysaccharides? |
cellulous, amylose, and glycogen |
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What are the elements for lipids? |
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen |
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What are the building blocks of lipids? |
3 fatty acids + 1 unit of glycerol |
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What are the elements of proteins? |
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur |
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What are the building blocks of proteins? |
amino acids (20 different ones but 1 is essential to humans) |
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How can you identify a protein? |
ends with (-in) examples: insulin, hemoglobin, pepsin |
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What are examples of nucleic acids? |
DNA, RNA, and ATP |
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What are the elements of nucleic acids? |
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous |
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What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? |
nucleotides |
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nucleotides |
nitrogenous base five carbon sugar phosphate group |
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DNA |
the carrier of genetic information |
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What are the four "codes" of DNA? |
adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine |
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How are nucleic acids held together? |
weak hydrogen bonds |
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RNA |
messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins |
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What are the four "codes" of RNA? |
adenine, uracic, guanine, and cytosine |
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anion |
an ion with a negative charge |
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bond |
an attraction or force that holds atoms together |
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buffer |
a chemical that neutralized acids and bases |
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carbon |
an element found in all living things |
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cation |
an ion with a positive charge |
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electrolytes |
ions capable of conducting electricity |
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energy |
the ability to do work or carry out change |
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homeostasis |
a physical and psychological state of good health |
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molecule |
a substance that consists of only one type of atom |
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subatomic particles |
the parts of an atom |
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adenosine triphosphate |
ATP high energy molecule formed in cell respiration |
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senesence |
aging |
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antioxidant |
a chemical that protects the body |
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aqueous solution |
a solution of water |
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deoxyribonucleic acid |
DNA |
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dissociate |
break down |
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enzyme |
a catalyst - something that speeds up a chemical reaction |
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free radical |
an aggressive chemical that can cause harm |
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ribonucleic acid |
RNA |
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saturated solution |
a solution that cannot accept any more solute |
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solvent |
a substance that dissolves another substance |
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solute |
the substance that is dissolved |
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trace elements |
small amounts of elements in the body |
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pH range of acids |
0 to 7 |
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pH range of bases |
7 to 14 |
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heat |
formed in cell respiration - used to maintain body temperature |
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oligosaccharides |
"few" sugars 3 to 10 |
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number of elements |
92 |
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atomic nucleus and atmoic orbits |
parts of an atom |
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biochemicals |
organic molecules produced by the reactions of living organisms |
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carbon dioxide |
waste product of cell respiration that is exhaled by the body |
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neutral |
substance with equal amounts of hydroxyl and hydrogen ions |
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pH stands for _____ |
parts hydrogen |
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Who designed the periodic table? |
Dmitri Medeleeve |
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atomic number |
the number of protons |
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atomic mass |
number of protons + neutrons |
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acidosis |
a condition of acid |
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nonpolar covalent bonds
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equal sharing of electrons between bonds
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