Life And Development Lectures For Test 1

Front 1

behavioral genetics

Back 1

study of the effects of heredity on behavior and the extent to which the environment influences whether or not those traits are displayed

Front 2

gene/environment interaction

Back 2

genes provide your potential, the environment determines how you will reach it or if you reach it

Front 3

reaction range

Back 3

degree to which any trait can vary within the limits set by heredity. Used to measure gene/environment interaction

Front 4

clocks

Back 4

work on the principal of reciprocal influence, there are 3 types

Front 5

3 types of clocks

Back 5

biological, social and psychological

Front 6

reciprocal influence

Back 6

how all the clocks interact and affect and are affected by each other

Front 7

biological clock

Back 7

physical, ie: puberty, menopause, circadian rhythms

Front 8

social clock

Back 8

totally cultural, things happen when society says they should happen.
ie: drinking, driving, marriage, dating, starting school

Front 9

psychological clock

Back 9

this is what makes you unique, own individuality. temperment, resilience, personality will determine how you interact with biological and social clocks

Front 10

types of gene environment correlations

Back 10

passive
active
evocative

Front 11

passive correlation

Back 11

interactions over which the child has no control
ie: cannot choose your genes or your parents

Front 12

active correlation

Back 12

when the individual chooses certain activities or interactions/experiences
"niche picking"
ie: choosing reading vs playing kickball

Front 13

evocative correlation

Back 13

how others react to and support genetically determine traits

Front 14

teratogen

Back 14

and environmental agent that may cause damage during the pre-natal period

Front 15

effect of teratogens can be affected by

Back 15

time, when the mother is exposed
amount exposed to
mother's genetics

Front 16

types of teratogens

Back 16

1) environmental
2) diseases
3) prescription medication
4) alcohol
5) tobacco
6) drugs
7) stress

Front 17

how many children are born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in the US?

Back 17

3 out of 1000

Front 18

gestation

Back 18

length of pregnancy

Front 19

length of gestation in humans

Back 19

266 days or 38-40 weeks

Front 20

what is considered full term baby?

Back 20

36-42 weeks gestation

Front 21

3 stages of gestation

Back 21

germinal
embryonic
fetal

Front 22

length of germinal stage

Back 22

fertilization to 2 weeks

Front 23

length of embryonic stage

Back 23

2-8 weeks

Front 24

length of fetal stage

Back 24

8 weeks to birth

Front 25

Apgar Test

Back 25

performed at 1 minute and 5 mins after birth and tests:
1) heart rate
2) respiration
3) muscle tone
4) color
5) reflexes

7+ is considered healthy

Front 26

Gesell

Back 26

came up with the theory of maturation, included 4 principles

Front 27

maturation

Back 27

unfolding of a biologically based sequence of physical changes as the person develops to the point where they can be fully utilized by the organism

Front 28

Maturational Sequence of walking

Back 28

1) hold head up without support
2) rolling over
3) sitting up without support
4) schooching
5) crawling
6) pulling themselves up, standing while holding on
7) cruising
8) standing alone
9) Walking

Front 29

brain of a 2 year old (size)

Back 29

75% of it's adult size, rest of body is 10-20%

Front 30

4 principles of maturation

Back 30

1)cephlocaudal/proximodistal principle
2) Reciprocal Interweaving
3) functional asymmetry
4) self regulation

Front 31

cephalo-caudal principle

Back 31

means head to tail, development takes place from top to bottom

Front 32

proximo-distal principle

Back 32

means near to far
development takes place with the core and moves outward

Front 33

reciprocal interweaving

Back 33

developmental process by which 2 tendencies gradually reach effective organization
ie: handedness

Front 34

functional asymmetry

Back 34

we are not perfectly symmetrical, and one side tends to be bigger or stronger than the other

Front 35

self regulation

Back 35

every person has internal regulatory tendencies
ie: babies would eventually regulate to a eat/sleep cycle

Front 36

cerebral cortex

Back 36

higher learning, 70% of nerve cells of the brain are hear

Front 37

proliferation

Back 37

rate at which neurons multiply
from conception to birth, the rate is 250,000/min

Front 38

synaptogenesis

Back 38

formation of neural pathways, links/chains of neurons

Front 39

migration

Back 39

while synaptogenesis is occurring, the neurons move to other parts of the brain where the differentiate in the activity

Front 40

plasticity

Back 40

neurons of the brain are highly adaptive, experiences/environment can change the brain

Front 41

lateralization

Back 41

specialization of the hemispheres

Front 42

corpus callosum

Back 42

enables the 2 hemispheres to communicate

Front 43

left side of brain

Back 43

language, analytical, primary motor cortex

Front 44

right side of brain

Back 44

recognizes faces, spacial, more global than detailed oriented

Front 45

pruning

Back 45

occurs in childhood, where unused neurons or ones we no longer need die out and new ones are formed

Front 46

last part of the brain to develop is the

Back 46

frontal lobe