Life 102 Final Exam

Front 1

How is RNA different from DNA?

Back 1

RNA contains ribose where DNA contains deoxyribose

Front 2

Organisms that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called

Back 2

prokaroyotes

Front 3

Which cellular structures/molecules are found in ALL cells (pro and euk)

Back 3

plasma membrane, cytosol, ribosomes, DNA

Front 4

Which of the following are present in prokaryotic cells?

a) nucleus

b) chloroplast

c) ribosomes

d) endoplasmic reticulum

Back 4

ribosome

Front 5

Which structures separate neighboring cells, as well as separating compartments within cells?

Back 5

membranes, consisting of the phospholipid bilayer

Front 6

Which of the following macromolecules leaves the nucleus of a euk cell through pores in the nuclear membrane

Back 6

mRNA

Front 7

What cellular structures are ALL part of the endomembrane system?

Back 7

nuclear envelope, lyosome, plasma membrane

Front 8

What does the gogli apparatus do?

Back 8

modifies proteins and ships them in vesicles to a variety of locations throughout the cell

Front 9

Which free-living prokar was engulfed by another cell?

Back 9

mitochondrion and chloroplast

Front 10

What organelles contain DNA

Back 10

the nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria

Front 11

What structure in animal cells have a function similar to that of plasmodesmata in plant cells

Back 11

gap junctions

Front 12

which structures are unique to plant cells?

Back 12

large central vacuole, chloroplast

Front 13

According to the fluid mosaic model, the membrane of phospholipids can..

Back 13

move laterally along the plane of the membrane

Front 14

Diffusion is the...

Back 14

passive process in which molecules move from a region of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 15

Being selectively permeability means

Back 15

only certain molecules can pass through cell membrane

Front 16

Solution A is hypotonic to solution B, means that..

Back 16

solution a has a lower concentration of dissolved solutes than solution B

Front 17

In osmosis

Back 17

water moves across the membrane from an area of low concentration to areas of higher solute concentration

Front 18

the energy source for active transport is ____, while the force driving simple diffusion is ____

Back 18

ATP; the concentration gradient

Front 19

What is membrane potential?

Back 19

a voltage difference across a membrane due to unequal distribution of charged solutes

Front 20

What is the First Law of Thermodynamics

Back 20

energy can be transformed into other forms of energy, but energy cannot be created or destroyed

Front 21

What molecule connects anabolism and catabolism in cells by storing energy from catabolic reactions and providing that energy to anabolic reactions

Back 21

ATP

Front 22

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Back 22

the place not he enzyme where the substrate binds

Front 23

Catabolic

Back 23

release energy

-breakdown

Front 24

Anabolic

Back 24

require energy

-build

Front 25

What is the purpose of competitive inhibition

Back 25

When it fits in the activation site and blocks it

Front 26

Oxidation

Back 26

loses electrons

Front 27

Reduction

Back 27

gain electrons

Front 28

What happens in glycolysis

Back 28

glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules, creating 2NADH and 2 ATP

Front 29

What does the electron transport chain do?

Back 29

extracts energy from high-energy electrons remaining from glycolysis

Front 30

High energy foods have a lot of what

Back 30

electrons associated with hydrogen

Front 31

Describe the flow of electrons during aerobic cellular respiration

Back 31

glucose->NADH->electron transport chain -> oxygen

Front 32

How is fat released from your body?

Back 32

through CO2 and H2O

Front 33

What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Back 33

photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules

Front 34

The O2 that comes from CO2 in photosynthesis comes from what?

Back 34

water

Front 35

Why does photosynthesis require light?

Back 35

light excites electrons in pigments, and these high energy electrons are used later to reduce CO2, forming sugars

Front 36

What products of light reactions of photosynthesis used in the Calvin cycle

Back 36

ATP and NADPH

Front 37

What is the function of the Calvin cycle?

Back 37

synthesize simple sugars from CO2

Front 38

What is the flow of elections in photosynthesis?

Back 38

H2O->NADPH->calvin cycle

Front 39

Which term describes centromeres uncoupling, sister chromatids separating and two new chromosomes moving to opposite ends of cell?

Back 39

Anaphase

Front 40

Meiosis results in gametes, fertilization results in ___

Back 40

zygotes

Front 41

What is the final results of mitosis in a human?

Back 41

Genetically identical 2n somatic cells

Front 42

Homologous chromosomes contain

Back 42

Genes for the same traits

Front 43

What phase does crossing-over take place in?

Back 43

Meiosis I

Front 44

What is the major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

Back 44

sister chromatids separate in mitosis, while homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I

Front 45

In both mitosis and meiosis the cells DNA is...

Back 45

duplicated before cell division starts

Front 46

In which phase does the segregation of alleles in gamete formation happen?

Back 46

anaphase I of meiosis