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155 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is transference?
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Concept that we unconsciously bring to new relationships and situations feelings and thoughts from our earlier life experiences. The transference can be positive or negative, depending on the prior experience.
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5 stages of Freud's developmental model
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oral, anal, phallic (3-6), latency (7-11), genital (puberty)
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Margaret Mahler's stages of development called "object relations" theory
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Autistic phase: 0-1 month, Symbiotic phase: 2-4 month, Separation-Individuation phase: (differentiation 5-9 mo., practicing 10-14 mo., rapprochement 12-24 mo., object constancy 2-3 yrs.)
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Repression
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The removal from conscious awareness of ideas, memories, feelings or wishes that are distrubing
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Denial
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Blocking of external events from awareness
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Projection
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Attributing to another person an unacceptable idea, wish, impulse or feeling of one's own
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Projective Identification
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Process of projecting unacceptable feelings onto another and thereby eliciting those feelings from the other
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Displacement
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Process of directing an idea, impulse, or feeling onto another target
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Reaction Formation
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Process of changing unacceptable impulses, ideas, or feelings into the opposite
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Sublimation
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Transforming of unacceptable ideas, feelings, into socially acceptable, productive ones
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Identification with the Aggressor
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Adopting as ones own mannerisms, beliefs or behaviors of persons who have frightened or caused harm to them
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Isolation of Affect
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Ability to experience or discuss emotionally painful events, without showing emotion
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Undoing
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The "magical" cancellation of one unacceptable idea, thought, behavior, etc. with another idea or behavior
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Regression
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Not really a defense, but a mechanism of returning to earlier, often less effective, modes of functioning during stress
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Intellectualization
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The use of "thinking about" to avoid experiencing uncomfortable affects
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Somatization
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Process of keeping unacceptable feelings from awareness by experiencing them as physical symptoms
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during infancy
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basic trust vs. mistrust
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during toddlerhood (2-4)
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Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during Early School Age (4-6)
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Initiative vs. Guilt
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during Middle School (6-12)
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Industry (Competence) vs. Inferiority
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during Adolescence (12-18)
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Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during early adulthood (22-34)
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during Middle Adulthood (34-60)
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Generativity vs. Stagnation
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during Late Adulthood (60-75)
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Integrity vs. Despair
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Erickson's Psychosocial crisis and developmental task during very old age (75-death)
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Immortality vs. Extinction
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4 stages of Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
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Sensorimotor intelligence (birth -18 mo.); Preoperational thought (learns language - 5/6 years); Concrete operational thought (6/7 to 11/12); Formal operational thought (12/13-adulthood)
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Piaget's sensorimotor intelligence
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Use of 5 senses and motor skills to learn about world: tasting, touching, smelling, etc. Not until 10-12 mo. does object exist out of sight because mind doesn't have a representation of it
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Piaget's preoperational thought
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from language - 5/6; Child develops tools for symbolic representation - language, play, imitation, drawing
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Piaget's Operational thought
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6/7-11/12; Has firm understanding of causal relationships, understands categories, classification systems, able to solve concrete, physical problems. Rules are central
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Piaget's formal operational thought
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12/13-adulthood; Capacity to conceptualize and think about many different variables simultaneously
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Learning - Behavioral Theory
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Classical conditioning - Pavlov (reward before desired behavior); Operant conditioning - Skinner (reward after desired behavior)
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Classical conditioning - Pavlov
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Methods that use this theory are systematic desensitization to replace anxiety response with relaxation response; aversive counter conditioning, and assertiveness training
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Operant conditioning - Skinner
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Methods that use this theory are positive reinforcement, extinction, time-out, token economies and contingency contracts
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Social learning - Bandura
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behavior is modeling of what is seen in social context, without reinforcement
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Cognitive behaviorism
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Our expectations, values and goals affect learning and behavior
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Self Psychology - Heinz Kohut
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examination of how external relationshiops maintain self esteem and self cohesion. High sensitivity to slights from others result in a vulnerable self esteem
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Maslow's Hierarcy of Needs
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Phsyiological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, esteem needs, need for self actualization
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Crisis Theory
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Upset of a steady state, not a maturational change, triggered by an unanticipated event, current coping strategies not effective at managing event, crisis time limited, resolution achieved when equilibrium restored (may be at higher or lower level of functioning)
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Interventions based on crisis theory
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1. address client's emotional distress, assess and plan intervention 2. Carry out interventions with client's participation 3. anticipatory planning/guidance/clsoing phase with emphasis on identifying potential problem areas, resources available and support systems
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Stages of mourning and grief - Kubler-Ross
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Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance
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Independent Variable
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The "cause" or factor that leads to the dependent variable
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Dependent Variable
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The result or outcome of the independent variable
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Null hypothesis
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A statement of no relationship between IV and DV. Tested through research and accepted or rejected.
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Reliability
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Reliability is a measure of how precise and consistent the measurement tool is. Repeatable.
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Validity
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does the tool measure what we want it to?
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Sensitivity
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aspect of validity. is tool sensitive to change thus showing when change has occurred.
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relevant
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select instruments that will help in identifying clients' needs, factors affecting or maintaining needs or problems, effective intervention strategies, or client improvement/deterioration
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standard deviation
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larger the sd, larger the spread of scores
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variance
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sq. of standard deviation. used in inferential statistics and in design of some measures of association
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Measures of association
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Indicated by correlation coefficient (r) where 1=perfect correlation and r=.7 is stronger than r=.3
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Chi-square
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measure of statistical significance used for contingency tables. Compares observed and expected frequencies throughout the table. Insensitive to nature and direction of relationship and does NOT assess magnitude of empirical relationships. Provides info on probability of relationship to population
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t-tests
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similar to chi square but used when dependent variable is at interval or ratio level and independent variable is nominal level of measurement
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Regression analysis
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used for purpose of prediction. Statistics indicate direction and am ount of chanage in dependent variable to be expected from a unit change in independent variable (i.e. for each additional 10 hours studying for exam, pass rate increases by 5%.)
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DSM IV does not:
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promote theory of etiology, recommend treatment procedures, address controversial issues
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Name 5 Axis of DSM:
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Axis I = Clinical Syndromes
Axis II = Personality Disorders Axis III = Physical Disorders Axis IV = Psychosocial and environmental problems Axis V = GAF |
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Disorders usually first evident in infancy, childhood or adolescence
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ADHD, MR, PDDs (includes autism, learning disorders,
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Delirium, Dementia and Amnestic and other cognitive disorders
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diagnosis often coordinated with Axis III diagnosis
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Substance dependence
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presence of withdrawal symptoms and/or tolerance and at least 3 other symptoms
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Substance abuse
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pattern of continued use in spite of resulting problems, use in hazardous situations, legal, social and occupational problems
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Schizophrenia
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marked decrease in previous level of functioning, presence of two or more typical psychotic symptoms in active phase, rule out less severe disorders, duration of symptoms 6 months with 1 month active phase
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Schizophrenia negative symptoms
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apathy, decreased amount of speech, low initiative, unresponsive in social interactions
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Schizophrenia positive symptoms
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hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior
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Schizophreniform Disorder
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meets all criteria for schizophrenia except have not been present for at least 6 months
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Schizoaffective Disorder
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symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorder, concurrent presence of delusions/hallucinations and depression or mania
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Delusional Disorder
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psychotic delusion is contained to a specific area of the person's life, other functioning or thinking not affected
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types of delusional disorders
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erotomanic, grandiose, persecutory, mixed, unspecified
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brief psychotic disorder
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duration of episode is less than 1 month
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Major Depressive Disorder
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pervasive depressed mood and absence of pleasure in ordinary activities for at least 2 weeks, negative expectations for future
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Endogenous depression
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depressed mood is believed to be in response to internal changes in brain chemistry.
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Exogenous depression
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depressed mood believed to be in response to external events that represent significant loss, crisis or unheaval in persons' life. Can develop into endogenous depression
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Panic disorder
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presence of panic attacks
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panic disorder with agoraphobia
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experience of panic attacks, fear of them, and avoidance of being in places associated with fear
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acute stress reaction
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similar to PTSD except duration of symptoms less than 1 month
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factitious disorders
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symptoms intentionally produced, with intent to conceal, but with compulsive quality, strong indications of severe psychopathology (no clear gain to patient). Munchausen syndrome
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Dysomnia
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disturbance in timing, amount, quality of sleep
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parasomnias
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abnormal event during sleep (nightmares, sleepwalking)
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Paranoid personality disorder
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pervasive mistrust, hypersensitivity, and emotional detachment
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schizoid personality disorder
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qualities include bizarre thoughts, inappropriate affect, and unresponsiveness to people
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histrionic personality disorder
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qualities include dramatic and emotional reactivity to events and people
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Narcissistic personality disorder
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qualities include grandiosity, lack of empathy, intolerant of criticism or ordinary rules and expectations
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Panic disorder
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presence of panic attacks
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panic disorder with agoraphobia
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experience of panic attacks, fear of them, and avoidance of being in places associated with fear
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acute stress reaction
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similar to PTSD except duration of symptoms less than 1 month
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factitious disorders
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symptoms intentionally produced, with intent to conceal, but with compulsive quality, strong indications of severe psychopathology (no clear gain to patient). Munchausen syndrome
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Dysomnia
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disturbance in timing, amount, quality of sleep
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parasomnias
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abnormal event during sleep (nightmares, sleepwalking)
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Paranoid personality disorder
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pervasive mistrust, hypersensitivity, and emotional detachment
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schizoid personality disorder
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qualities include bizarre thoughts, inappropriate affect, and unresponsiveness to people
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histrionic personality disorder
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qualities include dramatic and emotional reactivity to events and people
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Narcissistic personality disorder
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qualities include grandiosity, lack of empathy, intolerant of criticism or ordinary rules and expectations
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Chi-square
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measure of statistical significance used for contingency tables. Compares observed and expected frequencies throughout the table. Insensitive to nature and direction of relationship and does NOT assess magnitude of empirical relationships. Provides info on probability of relationship to population
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t-tests
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similar to chi square but used when dependent variable is at interval or ratio level and independent variable is nominal level of measurement
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Regression analysis
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used for purpose of prediction. Statistics indicate direction and am ount of chanage in dependent variable to be expected from a unit change in independent variable (i.e. for each additional 10 hours studying for exam, pass rate increases by 5%.)
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DSM IV does not:
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promote theory of etiology, recommend treatment procedures, address controversial issues
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Name 5 Axis of DSM:
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Axis I = Clinical Syndromes
Axis II = Personality Disorders Axis III = Physical Disorders Axis IV = Psychosocial and environmental problems Axis V = GAF |
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Disorders usually first evident in infancy, childhood or adolescence
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ADHD, MR, PDDs (includes autism, learning disorders,
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Delirium, Dementia and Amnestic and other cognitive disorders
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diagnosis often coordinated with Axis III diagnosis
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Substance dependence
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presence of withdrawal symptoms and/or tolerance and at least 3 other symptoms
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Substance abuse
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pattern of continued use in spite of resulting problems, use in hazardous situations, legal, social and occupational problems
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Schizophrenia
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marked decrease in previous level of functioning, presence of two or more typical psychotic symptoms in active phase, rule out less severe disorders, duration of symptoms 6 months with 1 month active phase
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Factitious Disorders
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symptoms intentionally produced, with intent to conceal, but with compulsive quality, strong indications of severe psychopathology
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Dysomnias
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disturbance in timing, amount and quality of sleep
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parasomnias
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abnormal event during sleep (nightmares, sleepwalking)
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Dysthymic Disorder
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mild/moderate depressed mood for most days for at leasat 2 years
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cyclothymic disorder
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over 2 year period, alternating hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms
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Histrionic personality disorder
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dramatic and emotional reactivity to events and people
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narcissistic personality disorder
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grandiosity, lack of empathy, intolerant of criticism or ordinary rules and expectations
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antisocial personality disorder
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exploitive, often illegal behaviors, need for immediate gratification without regard for consequences to others and a lack of empathy
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avoidant personality disorder
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qualities include shyness and fearful of new situations
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dependent personality disorder
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little initiative, seeking others approval, sense of helplessness
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Thorazine/Chlorpromazine
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Antipsychotic
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Mellaril/Thiothixene
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Antipsychotic
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Navane/Thiothixene
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Antipsychotic
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Halodal
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Antipsychotic
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Prolixin
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Antipsychotic
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Thorazine/Chlorpromazine
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Antipsychotic
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Mellaril/Thiothixene
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Antipsychotic
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Navane/Thiothixene
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Antipsychotic
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Halodal
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Antipsychotic
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Prolixin
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Antipsychotic
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Clozaril
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Antipsychotic
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Risperdal
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Antipsychotic
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Elavil/Amitriptyline
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Antidepressant
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Pamelor/Nortriptyline
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Antidepressant
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Sinequan/Doxepin
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Antidepressant
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Anafranil
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Antideperssant
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Depakote
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Mood Stabilizer
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Depakene
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Mood Stabilizer
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Lamictal
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Mood Stabilizer
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Librium
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Anti Anxiety
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Valium/Diazepan
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Anti Anxiety
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Klonopin
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Anti Anxiety
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Xanax
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Anti Anxiety
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Ativan
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Anti Anxiety
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Vistaril
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Anti Anxiety
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Halcion
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Sedative
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Restoril
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Sedative
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Sonata
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Sedative
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Ritalin
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Stimulant
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Concrerta
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Stimulant
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Metadate
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Stimulant
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Focalin
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Stimulant
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Adderall
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Stimulant
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Dexedrine
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Stimulant
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Rational-emotive therapy
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Clients substitute rational thoughts for irrational ones
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Anhedonia
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Inability to feel pleasure
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Individual Psychology
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Adler's model of psychology in which people struggle against feelings of inferiority and develop social interest
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Rett's Disorder
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Pervasive Developmental Disorder that appears after 5 months but before 48 months
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Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
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Regression appears after 2 years of normal development but before 10 years
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Alogia
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Speech Deficit
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Avolition
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Inability or unwillingness to begin and maintain activities
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Gestalt Therapy
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Insight therapy that holds the view that people are basically good, emphasizes our needs and wants, unfinished business, personal responsibility (Perls)
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Internal Validity
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Manipulation of the independent variable caused the effects
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External Validity
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Ability to generalize results to groups outside the research study
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Facial agnosia
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Inability to recognize familiar people
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