Lice

Front 1

Lice order and suborder

Back 1

-Order: Phthiraptera
-Suborders: Mallophaga (chewing) and Anoplura (sucking)

Front 2

Lice General Characteristics

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-whole life on host
-obligate ectoparasites
-found on hair coat of plumage
-very host specific
-sucking lice more important due to blood loss
-can cause tremendous irritation, pruritis, and hair loss due to excessive rubbing
-wingless
-dorsoventrally flattened
-feed on epidermal tissue debris, sebaceous secretions and blood

Front 3

Lice life cycle

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-incomplete metamorphosis
-3 to 4 weeks
-oblong eggs are glued to host hair/plumage
-direct feeding effect is generally more important than disease transmission
-spread by direct contact

Front 4

Chewing/biting lice

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-suborder: Mallophaga
-width of head greater than thorax
-feed on birds/mammals
-Tarsi: on birds, 2 claws, on mammals, 1 claw (exception-Heterodoxus spiniger)
-antennae on side of head or hidden under head
-lack wing and eyes
-mandibles ventrally located
-feed on hair, feathers, dandruff, scales, a few are blood feeders
-irritation of skin of host

Front 5

Family: Trichodectidae

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-parasite of mammals
-Trichodectes
-Felicola
-Bovicola

Front 6

Trichodectes canis

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-"dog biting louse"
-dogs, coyotes
-rare
-head with broadly rounded forehead, 3 segmented antennae
-found on head, neck and tail
-may take blood meal
-can serve as an intermediate hose of Dipylidium caninum

Front 7

Felicola subrostratus

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-"cat louse"
-cats-usually old or sick
-only louse found on cats
-triangular head with ventral groove, 3 segmented antennae
-tightly clings to fur to avoid removal during grooming

Front 8

Bovicola (Damalinia)

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-30 species of Bovicola each parasitic on specific grazing hosts
-characterized by dark banding on abdomen, projected antennae
-all Bovicola species cause significant economic loss

Front 9

Bovicola limbatus

Back 9

-Angora goat biting louse & Bovicola crassipes
-goats
-may cause damage to mohair
-important economic parasite of Angora goats, reduce hair clips 10-25%

Front 10

B. bovis

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-Cattle Biting Louse
-cattle
-shoulders and dorsal midline of cattle
-winter parasite, causes rubbing

Front 11

B. equi

Back 11

-"horse chewing louse"
-only species of biting lice encountered on horses "motorized dandruff"

Front 12

B. ovis

Back 12

-sheep

Front 13

Family Boopiidae

Back 13

-parasites of marsupials and canids

-Heterodoxus

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Heterodoxus spiniger

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-"dog louse"
-dogs and coyotes
-South USA, Texas
-spotty distribution
-triangular head with 2 large ventral spines, antennae hidden
-rarely seen in Texas dogs
-although a chewing louse, feeds on blood as well as cell debris

Front 15

Family Philopteridae

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-all bird lice
-all have two claws

-Goniocotes
-Goniodes
-Chelopistes

Front 16

Goniocotes gallinae

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-"fluff louse"
-chickens, pheasants, pigeons
-found in fluff at the feather base
-2 long setae, antennae projected not clubbed

Front 17

Goniodes gigas

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-"large chicken louse"
-guinea fowl, chickens
-large lice, on body of feathers
-3 long setae at margin of temporal lobe
-seem to be of little clinical importance

Front 18

Chelopistes meleagridis

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-"large turkey louse"
-common parasite of wild and domesticated turkeys
-1 long setae at end of temporal lobes
-on neck and breast features

Front 19

Family Menoponidae

Back 19

-Menopon
-Menacanthus

Front 20

Menopon gallinae

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-"shaft louse"
-chickens, ducks, pigeons
-moves about rapidly
-lays eggs in clusters
-no spines under head
-less hairy than body louse
-setae at end of lobe

Front 21

Menacanthus stramineus

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-"chicken body louse"
-chickens, turkey, peafowl, pheasant
-2 short spines on underside of head
-yellow color
-found in areas of the body not heavily feathered
-eggs have filaments on anterior shell
-pathogenic to young birds
-larger than shaft mouse

Front 22

Sucking lice

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-suborder Anoplura
-feed on tissue fluids and blood
-width of head narrower than thorax
-small thorax, large abdomen
-legs robust
-eyes are absent or reduced
-tarsus has 1 claw
-some have ocular tubercles
-no sucking lice of birds
-all stages and both sexes feed on blood

Front 23

Family Haematopinindae

Back 23

-Haematopinus

Front 24

Haematopinus asini

Back 24

-"horse sucking louse"
-Head, neck, back and inner thighs
-winter parasites especially in undernourished horses
-unthriftiness, rough hair coat, irritation
-eyes absent, ocular tubercles present

Front 25

Haematopinus suis

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-"hog louse"
-large lice up to 6mm long
-irritation resulting in rubbing and skin damage/hair loss
-greater number during winter
-eyes absent, ocular tubercles present
-vector of Mycoplasma haemosuis

Front 26

Haematopinus eurysternus

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-"short nosed cattle louse"
-cattle in temperate climate
-body louse
-more common in Texas than "cattle tail louse"

Front 27

Haematopinus quadripertusus

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-"cattel tail louse"
-tropical parasite
-lives on tail switch and eye lashes
-ocular tubercles present
-1st set of claws are small

Front 28

Family Linognathidae

Back 28

-no eyes or ocular tubercles

-Linognathus
-Solenoptes

Front 29

Linognathus vituli

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-"long nosed cattle louse"
-abdominal spiracles flush to body, not on raised tubercles

Front 30

Linognathus setosus

Back 30

-dogs and foxes
-can cause severe anemia
-can reach amazing population numbers

Front 31

Solenoptes capillatus

Back 31

-"little blue louse"
-face and body of cattle
-abdominal spiracles on raised tubercles

Front 32

Human lice

Back 32

-have eyes

-Family Pediculidae
-Family Pthiridae

Front 33

Pediculus humanus

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-"human head/body louse"
-2 sub populations of lice: morphologically indistinguishable but biologically distinct
-head is short, has short neck region
-eyes well developed
-abdomen is long
-legs are equal in size
-tarsal claws are slender
-common parasites of humans in many areas of the world

Front 34

P. h. capitus

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-"head lice"
-attaches eggs to hairs on head and other body parts
-common in school children
-easily transmitted by direct contact

Front 35

P. h. humanus

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-"body lice"
-eggs attached to clothing
-transmitted through clothing
-associated with transmission of epidemic typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii, and with trench fever, Bartonella quintana
-there are similar species in other primates, but each are host and site specific

Front 36

Pthirus pubis

Back 36

-"crab louse"
-human pubic lice
-head short, no neck
-eyes well developed
-wide thorax, short broad abdomen
-stout mid-and hind legs with large claws
-lobes with setae (hairs) on abdominal segments
-on humans, normally attached to pubic or facial hairs
-direct contact usual method of spread, although bedding and clothing can serve as a fomite