L/g Roots & Vocab Wk10

Front 1

-fer

Back 1

bear; carry; produce

Front 2

ferro-

Back 2

iron

Front 3

fibr-

Back 3

fiber; thread

Front 4

-fid; fis-

Back 4

divided into; split

Front 5

-flect; flex

Back 5

bend

Front 6

flor-

Back 6

flower

Front 7

fluor-

Back 7

fluorine

Front 8

foli-

Back 8

leaf

Front 9

fract-

Back 9

break

Front 10

galact-; galax-

Back 10

milk; milky fluid

Front 11

gastro-

Back 11

stomach

Front 12

geo-

Back 12

earth; land

Front 13

-gen; -gine

Back 13

producer; former

Front 14

-gene, gene-

Back 14

origin

Front 15

-gest

Back 15

carry; produce

Front 16

glob-

Back 16

ball; round

Front 17

glottis

Back 17

mouth of windpipe

Front 18

-gon

Back 18

angle; corner

Front 19

-gony

Back 19

offspring; generation; coming into being

Front 20

Fossils

Back 20

a preserved remnant or impression of an organism that lived in the past

Front 21

Sedimentary rocks

Back 21

rock formed from sand and mud that once settled in layers on the bottom of seas, lakes, and marshes. Sedimentary rocks are often rich in fossils.

Front 22

Paleontology

Back 22

the scientific study of fossils

Front 23

Catatrophism

Back 23

the hypothesis by Georges Cuvier that each boundary between strata corresponded in time to a catastrophe, such as a flood or drought that had destroyed many of the species living there at that time

Front 24

Gradualism

Back 24

a view of Earth’s history that attributes profound change to the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes

Front 25

Uniformitarism

Back 25

Charles Lyell’s idea that geologic processes have not changed throughout Earth’s history

Front 26

Descent with modification

Back 26

Darwin’s initial phrase for the general process of evolution

Front 27

Artificial selection

Back 27

the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animal to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits

Front 28

Biogeography

Back 28

the study of the past and present distribution of species

Front 29

Homology

Back 29

similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry

Front 30

Homologous Structures

Back 30

structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry

Front 31

Vestigial Organs

Back 31

structures of marginal, if any, importance to an organism. They are historical remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors.

Front 32

Ontogeny

Back 32

the embryonic development of an organism

Front 33

Phylogeny

Back 33

the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Front 34

Population Genetics

Back 34

the study of genetic changes in population; the science of micro evolutionary changes in populations

Front 35

Modern Synthesis

Back 35

a comprehensive theory of evolution emphasizing natural selection, gradualism, and populations as the fundamental units of evolutionary change; also called new-Darwinism

Front 36

Population

Back 36

a group of individuals of one species that live in a particular geographic area

Front 37

Species

Back 37

a group whose members possesses similar anatomical characteristics and has the ability to interbreed

Front 38

Gene Pool

Back 38

the total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time

Front 39

Genetic Structure

Back 39

to refer to a population’s frequencies of alleles and genotypes

Front 40

Hardy-Weinberg Theorem

Back 40

an axiom maintaining that the sexual shuffling of genes alone cannot alter the overall genetic makeup of a population

Front 41

Microevolution

Back 41

a change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation

Front 42

Bottleneck- Effect

Back 42

genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population

Front 43

Founder Effect

Back 43

genetic drift attributable to colonization by a limited number of individuals from a parent population

Front 44

Gene Flow

Back 44

the alteration of the frequencies of alleles of particular genes in a population, resulting from interbreeding with organisms from another population having different frequencies

Front 45

-grade

Back 45

Step; Division

Front 46

-gram

Back 46

writing; record

Front 47

-graphy; -graph

Back 47

writing; record

Front 48

Grav-

Back 48

heavy

Front 49

Gross

Back 49

thick

Front 50

gymno-

Back 50

naked

Front 51

gyn-

Back 51

female

Front 52

gyr-

Back 52

ring; circle; spiral

Front 53

haem-; hem-

Back 53

blood

Front 54

hepat-

Back 54

liver

Front 55

herb-

Back 55

grass

Front 56

hetero-

Back 56

different; other

Front 57

hex-

Back 57

six

Front 58

hibern-

Back 58

winter

Front 59

Microevolution

Back 59

A change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation.

Front 60

Genetic Drift

Back 60

Changes in the gene pool of a small population at any one time.

Front 61

Inbreeding

Back 61

the interbreeding of closely related individuals especially to preserve and fix desirable characters of and to eliminate unfavorable characters from a stock

Front 62

Assortative Mating

Back 62

A type of nonrandom mating in which mating partners resemble each other in certain phenotypic characters

Front 63

Polymorphism

Back 63

The coexistence of two or more distinct forms of individuals (polymorphic characters) in the same population

Front 64

Geographical Variation

Back 64

differences in genetic structure between populations

Front 65

Cline

Back 65

Graded variation in some traits of individuals that parallels a gradient in the environment

Front 66

Balenced Polymorphism

Back 66

The ability of natural selection to maintain diversity in a population

Front 67

Heterozygote Advantage

Back 67

Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared to homozygotes; tends to preserve variations in gene pools

Front 68

Hybrid Vigor

Back 68

The greater strength apparent in the hybrids over either parent stock. This is most likely due to segregation of deleterious recessives that were homogenous in the inbred varieties and the heterozygote advantage at many loci in the hybrids.

Front 69

Frequency Dependent Selection

Back 69

A decline in the reproductive success of a morph resulting from the morph's phenotype becoming too common in a population; a cause of balanced polymorphism in populations

Front 70

Neutral Variation

Back 70

Genetic diversity that confers no apparent selective advantage

Front 71

Darwinian Fitness

Back 71

The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contributions of other individuals

Front 72

Relative Fitness

Back 72

The contribution of one genotype to the next generation compared to that of alternative genotypes for the same locus

Front 73

Stabilizing Selection

Back 73

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes

Front 74

Directional Selection

Back 74

Natural selection that favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range

Front 75

Diversifying Selection

Back 75

Natural selection that favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes.

Front 76

Sexual Dimorphism

Back 76

A special case of polymorphism based on the distinction between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females.

Front 77

Sexual Selection

Back 77

Selection based on variation in secondary characteristics, leading to the enhancement of sexual dimorphism.

Front 78

Speciation

Back 78

the origin of new species in evolution

Front 79

Anagensis

Back 79

a pattern of evolutionary change involving the transformation of an entire population, sometimes to a state different enough from the ancestral population to justify renaming it as a separate species; also called phyletic evolution.

Front 80

Phyletic Evolution

Back 80

a pattern of evolutionary change involving the transformation of an entire population, sometimes to a state different enough from the ancestral population to justify renaming it as a separate species (aka anagensis)

Front 81

Cladogenesis

Back 81

A pattern of evolution change that produces biological diversity by budding one or more newspecies from a parent species that continues to exist; also called branching evolution.

Front 82

Branching Evolution

Back 82

A pattern of evolution change that produces biological diversity by budding one or more newspecies from a parent species that continues to exist; also called branching evolution (aka cladogenesis)