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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pneumothorax |
air in pleural cavity *Lungs cannot expand and may collapse |
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hemothorax |
blood in pleural cavity *Lungs cannot expand and may collapse |
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Cause of pneumothorax or hemothorax |
-external trauma -internal trauma |
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Dx Pneumothorax or hemothorax |
-chest x-ray |
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Thoracentesis |
-Remove of fluid from pleural space using a needle to aspirate fluid out -there is a risk of causing pneumothorax -too much fluid taken out at one time could possibly lead to a fluid shift in the body |
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Tx Pneumothorax or hemothorax |
-thoracentesis -chest tube (hemo-tube is placed low to drain fluid, pneumo-tube is placed high because air rises) *Analgesics*
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S/S Pneumothorax or hemothorax |
*Chest Pain* (pleuritic) -shallow, rapid resps -fever -changes in LOO/LOC secondary to hypoxemia -dyspnea -decreased SaO2 -hypoxemia (decrease O2 in blood) which leads to hypoxia (decrease O2 to tissues & organs |
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Tension Pneumothorax Patho |
-increased intrapleural pressure
-mediastinal shift -tracheal shifting -compressed vena cava - HR rises |
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Tension Pneumothorax S/S |
-tracheal deviation (away from side of pneumo) -decreased ventilation -increased resp distress -decreased BP -Increased HR |
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Exudate pleural effusion |
d/t inflammatory process, there is increased vessel permeability and increased exudate which leads to increased pleural edema and pulmonary edema. -Tx: Antibiotics & diuretics |
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empyema |
the collection of pus in a cavity in the body, especially in the pleural cavity |
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Pleural vs. Pulmonary effusion |
Pleural Effusion - decreased lung sounds, SOB, Pain, decreased O2SAT; chest tube and pleuroscentesis Pulmonary Effusion - crackles, decrease O2SAT; diuretics and chest physio |
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How does a V/Q scan work? (also called a ventilation/Perfusion scan) |
-pt breaths in radioactive gas, chest scan shows the exchange of arterial perfusion of lungs and reveals degree of gas distribution in the lungs. (no fasting required, unless sedation is to do used) |
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How does a D-Dimer work? |
-blood test to check clot degradation product in the blood -if positive, this test tells us that there is clots somewhere in the body - further testing required for location and extent -if negative, effectively rules out DVT and PE. |
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SARS management |
-corticosteriods (prednisone) to decrease inflammation -manage symtoms (fever, cough, SOB, dypnea, chills, headache, muscle ache, sore throat, diarrhea) -isolation (for 10days) |
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How does Heparin help with PE? |
it stops the growth and allows the body to break down clot. |
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ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) causes |
-anything that causes a sever inflammatory response in the lung tissue (sepsis, trauma, aspiration, infection)
-pulmonary tissues are damaged and fibroic tissue takes it's place - leading to "lung stiffness" **these people will most likely be in ICU, d/t being on mechanical ventilator** |
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Early S/S of ARDS |
increased HR, BP, RR (trying to compensate to get more O2, and rid the body of excess CO2 -these people can't ventilate properly d/t pain! -restlessness, early dyspnea, X-Ray clear |
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Later S/S of ARDS |
higher HR, BP, RR d/t anxiety and confusion -diaphoresis, anxiety, changes in LOO/LOC, cyanosis/pallor, increased crackles and wheezes |
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crepitus |
-is a medical term to describe the grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints or a crackling sensation due to the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue |
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Systolic |
when the heart contracts |
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Diastolic |
when the heart is a rest. |
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How is pulse pressure calculated? |
is the difference between the systolic and diastolic BP |
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Difference between angina and MI |
Angina = not enough O2 getting to tissues of heart MI = tissue DEATH which occurs d/t NO O2 to the heart tissue |
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unique features of unstable angina |
-new onset (not predictable) -occurs at rest -unresponsive to Nitro (sometimes) -worsening pattern |
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What test is the most reliable blood test for diagnosing an MI? |
Triponin - because it's related to cardiac muscle ONLY (specific test) myoglobin - unhelpful because it only tells that there has been muscle damage somewhere in the body (non-specific test) CK - useful only if correct band is ordered |
