Neurology

Front 1

Neurons that conduct signals to the Central NS are

Back 1

Sensory neurons (afferent)

Front 2

Motor Neurons also called

Back 2

Efferent Neuron (carry's signals away from the CNS

Front 3

A function of Glia (neuroGlia) is to

Back 3

Support and protect neurons

Front 4

Small masses of nervous tissue containing mostly cell bodies located outside the brain and spinal cord are termed _____

Back 4

Ganglia

Front 5

A bundle of axons and dendrites that carry either sensory or motor signals plus connective tissue and blood vessels are called a _____

Back 5

Nerve

Front 6

Which of the following is true

Back 6

The NS is divided into the Central NS, Peripheral NS

The Peripheral NS is divided into the Autonomic NS, Somatic (Voluntary) NS and the Enteric NS

The Autonomic NS is divided into the Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS

All of the above

Front 7

"Central NS" refers to the

Back 7

Brain and spinal cord

Front 8

Somatic NS also know as

Back 8

Voluntary NS

Front 9

How many pairs of Cranial Nerves are there

Back 9

12

Front 10

How many pairs of Spinal Nerves are there?

Back 10

31

Front 11

Activities that occur in the cerebrum after sensory signals are received but before motor responses are sent are called _____

Back 11

Integrative functions

Front 12

The portion of the autonomic NS that supports energy conservation and healing is _____

Back 12

Parasympathetic

Front 13

The Receiving portion of the neuron is _____

Back 13

Dendrites

Front 14

(Myelination) of the nerve fibers in the peripheral NS is the job of the

Back 14

Schwann cells

Front 15

When a neuron is positively charged on the outside of the membrane and negatively charged on the inside, it has ____

Back 15

Membrane potential

Front 16

The amount of time required for a neuron to "recharge" is called

Back 16

Refractory period

Front 17

Which phase of nerve signal conduction is related to muscle energy methods of massage that use some sort of muscle contraction to prepare the muscle to relax and lengthen?

Back 17

Refractory period

Front 18

The neurotransmitter that primarily excites the skeletal muscles is

Back 18

Acetylcholine

Front 19

Action potential between neurons occurs across the synaptic cleft because of _______

Back 19

Neurotransmitters

Front 20

The neurotransmitter that primarily excites pain fibers are

Back 20

Substance P

Front 21

A client reports before a massage that his mind is agitated. He feels like he wants to scream. He is talking loudly and pacing. After the massage he feels calmer and wants a nap. Which neurotransmitter is largely responsible for the mood chage?

Back 21

dopamine

Front 22

The purpose of therapeutic (feel good) pain during massage to manage undesirable pain is to stimulate which neurotransmitter?

Back 22

Serotonin and endorphin

Front 23

Proprioceptors are mechanical receptors that have what function

Back 23

Provide us with info about position and movement

Front 24

changes in blood pressure are monitored by

Back 24

Visceroceptors

Front 25

A compressive massage method is applied to the belly of a muscle with the intent of reducing a muscle spasm brought on by a crap. The receptors most affected are

Back 25

Muscle spindles

Front 26

Mechanical receptors that provide us with information about position and movement are

Back 26

Proprioceptors

Front 27

The sensory receptor most affected by deep compression and slow gliding strokes are

Back 27

Ruffini and organs

Front 28

Structures that detect the amount of stretch (tension) in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints are

Back 28

proprioceptors

Front 29

Receptors that register pain are called

Back 29

Nociceptor

Front 30

Why are the hands, tips, and sexual skin so sensitive to touch?

Back 30

Abundant Meissner corpuscle and Merkel discs

Front 31

Hearing, seeing, taste, touch, pressure, temp are all picked up by what type of receptor

Back 31

Exterorceptors

Front 32

Reflexes are most often processed in which part of the CNS?

Back 32

Spinal cord

Front 33

A reflex resulting in the contraction of a muscle when it is stretched

Back 33

stretch reflex

Front 34

Withdrawal reflex

Back 34

Flexor reflex

Front 35

A balance-maintaining relfex

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Crossed extensor reflex

Front 36

Protects the tendons and muscles from damage due to excessive tenssion

Back 36

Tendon reflex

Front 37

The convolution seen on the surface of the brain is called --- the "folded appearance" ----

Back 37

Gyrus

Front 38

The grooves seen on the surface of the brain are called

Back 38

Sulcus

Front 39

The ventricles of the brain are filled with

Back 39

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 40

The protective membrane that adheres to the brain is the

Back 40

Pia mater

Front 41

brain area that regulates vital life functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing

Back 41

Medulla oblongata

Front 42

Conscious awareness of our environment is related to what structural and functional area of the brain?

Back 42

Reticular activating system

Front 43

The brain is composed of 85%

Back 43

Water

Front 44

The strongest and toughest layer of the Meninges is the

Back 44

Dura mater

Front 45

the structure that connects the right and left hemisphers of the cerebrum is the ____

Back 45

Corpus callosum

Front 46

a massage session incorporates rocking. Which brain area is stimulated?

Back 46

Cerebellum

Front 47

What is the largest portion of the brain

Back 47

Cerebrum

Front 48

Uncontrolled emotional display may indicate problems with which brain area?

Back 48

Limbic system

Front 49

The primary area of the brain that would process the pain/pleasure aspect of massage is the

Back 49

Parietal lobe

Front 50

why do the primary motor and the primary somatic sensory areas of the brain interfere with the ability to successfully self-massage areas of the back and limbs

Back 50

The distribution of sensory and motor functions are larger to the hands than then the back and limbs

Front 51

which part of the cerebrum processes vision

Back 51

Occipital lobe

Front 52

The _____ controls the autonomic nervous system

Back 52

Hypothalemus

Front 53

What is the Circle of Willis

Back 53

a complete circle of connective blood vessels which surrounds the base of the brain

Front 54

What is the function of the spinal cord

Back 54

Conduction of nerve impulses and a center for spinal relexes

Front 55

Massage sensations travel on which spinal cord tract?

Back 55

Sensory ascending tracts

Front 56

The spinal cord extends inferior from the foramen magnum to

Back 56

T-12, L-1

Front 57

What is a nerve plexus

Back 57

small group of nerves that form a intersecting network

Front 58

What are the sections of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Back 58

dermatomes

Front 59

If a client complains of pain in the buttocks and into the back of the leg, which plexes is a potential site of nerve impingement?

Back 59

Sacral

Front 60

Pain tingling and numbness in the arm and hand may be a result from nerve damage in which plexes?

Back 60

brachial

Front 61

The phrenic nerve is part of which plexes

Back 61

Cervical

Front 62

The sciatic nerve is part of what plexes

Back 62

Sacral

Front 63

The median nerve is part of which plexes

Back 63

Brachial

Front 64

A client reports an old herniated L-5 disc, which plexes is involved

Back 64

Sacral

Front 65

Supplies the entire nerve supply to the shoulders and upper limbs

Back 65

Brachial plexes

Front 66

Perpheral neves that ***innervate*** the muscle and skin are know as

Back 66

somatic

Front 67

Increased HR, rapid breathing, and dilated pupils are examples of which of the following?

Back 67

sympathetic stimulation

Front 68

the sympathetic NS tends to which of the following

Back 68

Emergency responses

Front 69

The parasympathetic NS helps us to do which of the following

Back 69

rest and restore after emergency responses

Front 70

After taking away water the body is mostly composed of

Back 70

protein

Front 71

after taking all the water away , the brain is mostly composed of

Back 71

Fat

Front 72

which is the most abundant tissue in the body

Back 72

connective tissue

Front 73

The portion of the automatic NS that controls fight or flight

Back 73

Sympathetic