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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus |
cell part that contains chromosomes |
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
substance carrying organism's genetic material
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Chromosome |
threadlike structure of DNA and protein found in the nucleus of cells - carries genetic information in the form of genes. |
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Homologous chromosomes |
Same sized chromosomes that contain the same pattern of genes. |
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Karyotype |
photograph of an individual's chromosomes cut out and arranged according to their size |
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gene |
short length of DNA that carries the genetic code for a particular trait/characteristic or cell activity. |
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allele |
alternative form of a gene |
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base |
A building block of a nucleotide. The 4 types are A, T, G & C. |
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Nucleotide |
The building block of DNA. It is made of a phosphate, sugar and base. |
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DNA |
Carries the instructions to the next generation and determines the phenotype. |
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trait |
a genetically determined characteristic |
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mitosis |
Cell division for growth and repair. Produces two identical daughter cells. |
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gamete |
reproductive cells that contain half the number of chromosomes compared to the original cell. |
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zygote |
a fertilised egg that contains a full set of chromosomes |
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Genotype |
the combination of two alleles
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Pheotype |
Physical characteristics of an individual determine by its genotype |
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Pure breeding |
individuals that are homozygous |
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homozygous |
an individual with two alleles that are the same for a particular trait |
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heterozygous |
an individual with two different alleles for a particular characteristic |
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Test cross |
A cross between a homozygous recessive individual and an unknown genotype of an individual. Used to establish pure breeding lines. |
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Dominant |
Always seen if present. |
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Recessive |
Only seen if the dominant allele is absent. |
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Pedigree chart |
family tree showing the phenotypes of related individuals |
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amino acids |
building blocks of proteins |
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double helix |
It is the shape of DNA - two strands of nucleotides wound around each other. |
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proteins |
made up of amino acids. |
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Punnett square |
a chart to show the possible combinations of alleles that result from a genetic cross. |
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semi-conservative replication |
This process copies DNA. One strand is from the original DNA molecule and the other is new. |
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Sex chromosomes |
Chromosomes that determine sex of an individual. XX is female & XY is male. |
