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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acute leukemia
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rapid onset and rapidly progressive
over 50% blasts in bone marrow numerous blast cells (> 20%) pancytopenia |
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ALL
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children, B cell types more common, bone pain is common, most have enzyme terminal deoxynucleotide transferase, good prognosis, PAS +
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AML
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Philadelphia chromo may be seen (poor prognosis), Auer rods, CD 13/33+, usually nonspecific esterase +, age 50, PAS -
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M0
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undifferentiated
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M1
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minimal difft, maturation
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M2
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with difft, maturation
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M3
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acute promyelocytic
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M4
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myelomonocyltic/myelomonoblastic
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M5
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pure monocytic/monoblastic
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M6
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erythroleukemia
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M7
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megakaryocytic
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histiocytosis X
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caused by langerhans cells from the monocyte lineage that infiltrate the lung
primarily affect young adults worse with smoking |
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AML risk facotrs
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radiation, benzene, alkylating agents, myeloproliferative disease, myelodisplatic syndrome, aplastic anemia, downs, fanconi, bloom
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L1
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small blasts
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L2
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large blasts with prominent nucleoli
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L3
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large blasts with cytoplasmic vaculoes
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chronic leukemia
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insidious onset and gradual progression
mature cells rather than blasts (<5% blasts) can be either myeloid (CML) or lymphoid (CLL) assoc with HSM, LAD |
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CLL
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most common adult leukemia
adults over 50 95% have B cell markers, 10% progress to AML, smudge cells and AI hemolytic anemia |
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CML
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may progress to AML (80%) or ALL (20%), adults 25-60, hyperplasia of all 3 cell lines but granulocyte precursors predominate
fatigue, ab pain, splenomeg, bleeding tendency |
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Philadelphia chromosome
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t(9, 22)- CML
brc-abl |
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t (8, 14)
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Burkitts
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t(14, 18)
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Follicular lymphoma
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t(15, 17)
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M3 AML
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t(11, 22)
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Ewings sarcoma
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t(11, 14)
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mantle cell lymphoma
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ALL spread
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CNS, testis
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Hodkins
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presence of Reed Sternberg cells (CD 30, CD15 pos, B cells); localized LN, painless LAD, assoc with EBV, bimodal distribution (young and old)
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good prognosis in Hodgkins
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increased lymphos
decreased RS |
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NHL
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assoc with HIV, immunosuppression
multiple peripheral nodes, extranodal involement common peak incidence 20-40 |
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most common HL
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nodular sclerosing: women, good prognosis, collagen binding lacunar cells
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mixed cellularity HL
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numerous RS cells
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lymphocyte depleted
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older males with disseminated disease
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NHL most common in adults
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follicular lymphoma (small cell cleaved)
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bcl-2 involved in
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apoptosis
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NHL most common in children
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lymphoblastic lymphoma; presents with ALL and mediastinal mass, very aggressive
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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most often in children; t(8,14) gene moves next to heavy chain Ig gene (14)
starry sky appearance; assoc with EBV |
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multiple myeloma
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plasmacytoma; fried egg appearance (also seen with oligodendroglioma), produces large amount of IgG, IgA; destructive bone lesions and hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, increased infections, anemia
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Waldenstroms macroglobinemia
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IgM spike
hyperviscosity symptoms, no bone lesions associated with amyloid tx: plasmapharesis |
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Reed Sternberg cells
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distinctive tumor giant cell in HL; 2 halves as mirror images (binucleate) owl's eyes
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most common leukemia in children
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ALL
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most common leukemia in adults
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CLL
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most common lymphoma
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follicular
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AML associatd with Downs
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M7 AML
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AML that are CD13 and 33 positive
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M0-M6 AML
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assoc with EBV
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Burkitts and Hodgkins
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Auer rods
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M2 and M3 AML
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long term celiac disease
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intestinal T cell lymphoma
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AML that is CD41 and CD 61 +
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M7 AML
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viscous blood, HA, plethora, splenomeg, low EPO
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polycythemia vera
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numerous basophils, splenomegaly, negative for leukocyte alk phos
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CML
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most common neonatal leukemia
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M7 AML
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associ wth Sjogren, Hashimotos thyroiditis and H pylori
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marginal cell MALToma
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acute leukemia positive for peroxidase
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AML
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solid sheets of lymphoblasts in marrow
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ALL
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PAS- acute leukemia
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AML
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