Lesson I-12

Front 1

hindbrain--

Back 1

posterior part of brain; consists of the medulla, pons, cerebellum

Front 2

brainstem--

Back 2

medulla, pons, mindbrain, and central structures of the forebrain

Front 3

medulla--

Back 3

located above the spinal cord and regarded as an enlarged, elaborated extension of the spinal cord; controls breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing, and sneezing

Front 4

cranial nerves--

Back 4

nerves that control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and much of the parasympathetic output to the organs. Includes both sensory and motor components

Front 5

pons--

Back 5

structure that lies anterior and ventral to the medulla; contains nuclei for several cranial nerves

Front 6

reticular formation--

Back 6

area located within the medulla and pons; has descending and ascending portions; the descending portion controls the motor areas of the spinal cord, whereas the ascending portion sends output to much of the cerebral cortex, increasing arousal and attention

Front 7

raphe system--

Back 7

area found within the brainstem; sends axons to the forebrain, modifying the brain's readingness to respond to stimuli

Front 8

cerebellum--

Back 8

large hindbrain structure essential for movement, balance, coordination, attention, and processing of sensory stimuli

Front 9

midbrain--

Back 9

structure that includes the tectum, tegmentum, superior and inferior colliculu

Front 10

tectum--

Back 10

roof of the mindbrain; contains the superior and inferior colliculi

Front 11

superior colliculus--

Back 11

controls eye movement

Front 12

inferior colliculus--

Back 12

processes auditory information

Front 13

tegmentum--

Back 13

part of the midbrain; includes the nuclei for the 3rd and 4th cranial nerves, parts of the reticular formation, substantia nigra, extension of pathways between the forebrain and spinal cord or hindbrain

Front 14

subsranria nigra--

Back 14

part of the midbrain; gives rise to the dopamine-containing pathway that deteriorates in Parkinson's disease

Front 15

forebrain--

Back 15

most anterior and most prominent part of the mammalian brain; consists of cerebral hemispheres; each hemisphere receives sensory info mostly from the contralateral (opposite) side of the body; consists of the cerebral cortex, limbic system, and the basal ganglia

Front 16

limbic system--

Back 16

number of structures that form a border around the brainstem; contains the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex; these structures are important for motivations and emotions, such as eating, drinking, sexual activity, anxiety, and aggression.

Front 17

thalamus--

Back 17

part of the forebrain (diencephalon); receives sensory information and sends to different portions of the cerebral cortex for processing

Front 18

hypothalamus--

Back 18

part of the forebrain (diencephalon); small area near the base of the brain ventral to the thalamus; contains a number of distinct nuclei; the hypothalamic nuclei leads to abnormalities in motivated behaviors, such as feeding, drinking, temperature regulation, sexual behavior, fighting, and activity level.

Front 19

pituitary gland--

Back 19

an endocrine (hormone producing) gland attached to the base of the hypothalamus; in response to messages form the hypothalamus, the pituitary synthesizes and releases hormones into the bloodstream, which carries them to the organs

Front 20

basal ganglia--

Back 20

part of the forebrain (telencephalon); a group of subcortical structures lateral to the thalamus, which includes three major structures; the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus; the basal ganglia exchange information with different parts of the cerebral cortex; the connections are most abundant with the frontal areas of the cortex, which are responsible for planning sequences of behavior, memory and emotional expression.

Front 21

nucleus basalis--

Back 21

structure that lies on the dorsal surface of the forebrain which receives input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia and sends axons that release acetylcholine to areas of the cerebral cortex; it is a key part of the brain's system for arousal, wakefulness, and attention.

Front 22

hippocampus--

Back 22

large structure between the thalamus and cerebral cortex; critical for storing certain kinds of memory

Front 23

central canal--

Back 23

a fluid-filled channel in the center of the spinal cord that contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Front 24

ventricles--

Back 24

four fluid-filled cavities within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Front 25

cerebrospinal fluid--

Back 25

clear fluid similar to blood plasma found in the central canal and ventricles; CSF is formed by groups of cells known as the choroid plexus and it flows from the lateral ventricles --> 3rd ventricle --> 4th ventricles; CSF also flows into the central canal of the spinal cord, and through an opening into the narrow spaces between the brain and the meninges

Front 26

meninges--

Back 26

membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord; CSF is reabsorbed through the subarachnoid space (space between meningial layers) into the blood vessels of the brain