Lesson # 27

Front 1

Experiments vs Obsevational Studies

Back 1

1. Except randomization both experiments and observations have the three principles of a good statistic in them. Observational studies lack randomization

Front 2

Benefits of incorporating the three priniples

Back 2

1.Eliminate bias or confounding
2.Easy to determine if statistically significant or not.

Front 3

Three Problems of experiments

Back 3

1. Hidden Bias
2. Placebo effect
3. Lack of realism

Front 4

Hidden Bias

Back 4

bias due to the fact that all individuals are not reated similarly after treatment is applied

Front 5

Solution to hidden bias

Back 5

treat individuals the same

Front 6

Placebo effect

Back 6

1.Positive response on the placebo due to confidence of subjects on the statistician (person doing the experiment)
2. it causes hidden bias

Front 7

Double Blind Experiment

Back 7

neither the subject nor the person doing the experiment knows who recieves the active treatment.
note: this is a solution to the placebo effect

Front 8

Lack of Realism

Back 8

when the subject, treatment or setting does not duplicate conditions that we want to study.

Front 9

Solution to lack of realism

Back 9

1. apply statistical principles as much as possible
2. report study limitations honestly
3. use good judgement