Lesson 202 - Energy Transfer

Front 1

Describe the relationships between energy and work

Back 1

- body capable of doing work is said to possess energy
- quantity of work that a body can do is a measure of its energy
- body uses its energy by performing work
- energy measured in same units as work (joules)

202.1.1

Front 2

Define the unit of a force

Back 2

- governed by Newton's second law of motion
- unit of force is Newton
- force = mass * acceleration
- N=kg*m/s^2

202.1.1

Front 3

Define the unit of work

Back 3

- metric unit of work is joule
- product of force and the distance moved by its point of application
- W=F*d
- work is proportional to both force and distance

202.1.1

Front 4

List the sources of energy in relation to energy transfer

Back 4

- internal (from the earth)
- external (from the sun or moon)
- radiation (from the sun and earth)
- gravitation (earth, sun and moon)

202.1.1

Front 5

List examples of internal sources of energy

Back 5

Earth's energy:
- terrestrial radiation, conduction, latent heat
Earth's attraction:
- pressure, precipitation
Earth's rotation:
- diurnal heating, nocturnal cooling

202.1.1

Front 6

List examples of external sources of energy

Back 6

Solar radiation:
- dominant source of heat energy
Solar and lunar gravitation:
- earth's orbit, tidal effects on atmosphere and oceans

202.1.1

Front 7

State the importance of solar radiation, solar and lunar gravitation, earth's heat, and earth's gravitation and rotation as an energy source

Back 7

Solar radiation:
- provides incoming heat to earth-atmosphere system
Solar/lunar gravitation:
- seasons and monthly cycles
Earth's heat:
- tropospheric heating
Earth's gravitation and rotation:
- vertical pressure distribution, keeps atmosphere in place, night/day cycles

202.1.1

Front 8

Define: Potential energy

Back 8

Energy possessed by a body due to its position or state in a physical field

202.1.1

Front 9

List three forms of potential energy

Back 9

- gravitational (position of an object in atmosphere)
- latent (thermal as in water vapor)
- electrical (batteries)

202.1.1

Front 10

State the importance of potential energy in meteorology

Back 10

- stored internal energy which can produce work within the atmosphere resulting in weather phenomena
- used to identify and assess potential for development of severe weather conditions

202.1.1

Front 11

Define: Kinetic energy

Back 11

Energy a body possesses due to its motion

202.1.1

Front 12

State the importance of kinetic energy in meteorology

Back 12

- can produce hazardous effects using dynamics of atmosphere and associated meteorological phenomena
- used to compute cloud tops or wind speed associated with available kinetic energy

202.1.1

Front 13

State the Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 13

- in any system, mass cannot be created or destroyed
- ensures mass continuity principle

202.1.1

Front 14

State the Law of Conservation of Energy

Back 14

- in any system, energy cannot be created or destroyed
- energy can change form

202.1.1

Front 15

Describe the general law of conservation of mass and energy

Back 15

- Einstein's special theory of relativity, E=mc^2
- suggests mass can be converted to energy, and vice versa
- in any system, sum of mass and energy remains constant

202.1.1

Front 16

State the difference between temperature, heat, and energy

Back 16

- temperature of a body depends on average energy of motion of molecules
- heat of a body depends on total energy of motion of molecules
- both mass and temperature must be considered to determine total kinetic energy of an object

202.1.1

Front 17

List the changes of state for water

Back 17

- fusion (melting)
- freezing
- evaporation
- condensation
- sublimation gas to solid
- sublimation solid to gas

202.2.1

Front 18

List the processes by which water vapor is added to, and removed from, the atmosphere

Back 18

Two changes of state add vapor:
- evaporation
- sublimation solid to gas
Two changes of state remove vapor:
- condensation
- sublimation gas to solid

202.2.2

Front 19

Describe the meteorological conditions necessary for occurrence and the importance in regards to the atmosphere for fusion

Back 19

- temp increases to above 0C, moist air
- removes latent heat

202.2.4

Front 20

Describe the meteorological conditions necessary for occurrence and the importance in regards to the atmosphere for freezing

Back 20

- temp decreases to or below 0C, saturated air
- adds latent heat

202.2.4

Front 21

Describe the meteorological conditions necessary for occurrence and the importance in regards to the atmosphere for evaporation

Back 21

- heating and non-saturated air
- removes latent heat

202.2.4

Front 22

Describe the meteorological conditions necessary for occurrence and the importance in regards to the atmosphere for condensation

Back 22

- cooling and saturated air
- adds latent heat

202.2.4

Front 23

Describe the meteorological conditions necessary for occurrence and the importance in regards to the atmosphere for sublimation gas to solid

Back 23

- rapid cooling well below freezing and saturated air
- adds latent heat

202.2.4

Front 24

Describe the meteorological conditions necessary for occurrence and the importance in regards to the atmosphere for sublimation solid to gas

Back 24

- heating and non-saturated air
- removes latent heat

202.2.4

Front 25

List the 4 processes by which heat is transferred in the atmosphere

Back 25

Via heat exchange:
- radiation
- conduction
Via mass transfer:
- advection
- convection

202.2.4

Front 26

Describe how radiation operates as a process by which heat is transferred in the atmosphere

Back 26

- heat exchange via electromagnetic waves
- radiation absorbed by a body causes motions of particles to increase, and temp of body to rise
- reverse is true for body losing radiation

202.3.2

Front 27

Describe how conduction operates as a process by which heat is transferred in the atmosphere

Back 27

- heat transfer at contact boundary between two objects with different temps
- also called sensible heat transfer
- warm body with higher level of energy transfers heat to cooler body with lower level of energy

202.3.2

Front 28

Describe how convection operates as a process by which heat is transferred in the atmosphere

Back 28

- chief method of heat transfer in liquids and gases
- heated material moves, primarily vertically, carrying its heat with it

202.3.2

Front 29

Describe how advection operates as a process by which heat is transferred in the atmosphere

Back 29

- heat energy carried from one place to another by currents
- horizontal plane only in meteorology, since convection covers vertical movement

202.3.2

Front 30

Explain how the water cycle causes a net transfer of energy from the earth to the atmosphere

Back 30

- earth's sensible heat transferred to water vapor and becomes latent
- latent heat transported by vapor
- heat released to the atmosphere by condensation and becomes sensible

202.4.1