Lesson 2 - Basic Roots, Prefixes And Suffixes

Front 1

word roots

Back 1

meaning of the term, usually indicates body part involved

Front 2

suffixes

Back 2

typically represent the disorder, disease, condition or procedure

Front 3

prefixes

Back 3

generally indicate number, time, location or status

Front 4

-ac
-al
-ar
-ary
-eal
-ical
-ic
-ine
-ior
-ory
-ous
-tic

Back 4

suffix meaning "pertaining to"
e.g. gastric = pertaining to the stomach

Front 5

-a
-e
-y
-um
-us

Back 5

suffix as noun endings
e.g. cranium = skull

Front 6

-ago
-esis
-iasis
-ia
-ion
-ism
-osis

Back 6

suffixes indicating "abnormal condition"

Front 7

-algia
e.g. cephalgia

Back 7

pain and suffering
e.g. pain in the head, ceph=head

Front 8

-dynia
e.g. coccydynia

Back 8

pain
e.g. pain in the tailbone (coccyx)

Front 9

-itis
e.g. Pancreatitis

Back 9

inflammation
e.g. inflammation of the pancreas

Front 10

-malacia
e.g. Chondromalacia

Back 10

abnormal softening
e.g. softening of the cartilage
chrondr/o=cartilage

Front 11

-megaly
e.g. Cardiomegaly

Back 11

enlargement
e.g. abnormal enlargement of the heart

Front 12

-necrosis
Osteonecrosis

Back 12

tissue death
e.g. death of the bone

Front 13

-orrhagia
e.g. Menorrhagia

Back 13

burst forth, hemorrhage
e.g. excessive or heavy periods

Front 14

-orrhea
e.g. Dysmenorrhea

Back 14

discharge, flowing
e.g. bad or painful menses with heavy flow

Front 15

-sclerosis
e.g. Arteriosclerosis

Back 15

abnormal hardening
e.g. hardening of the arterial walls

Front 16

-stenosis
e.g. Arteriostenosis

Back 16

means abnormal narrowing
e.g. means arterial narrowing

Front 17

-centesis
e.g. Peritoneocentesis

Back 17

to surgically puncture to remove excess fluid
e.g. to puncture the peritoneum to drain fluid

Front 18

-ectomy
e.g. Hystorectomy

Back 18

to surgically remove
e.g. to surgically remove the uterus
hyster/o = uterus

Front 19

-graphy
e.g. Artiography

Back 19

the process of recording
e.g. the technique of recording a picture of arteries

Front 20

-gram
e.g. Electrocardiogram

Back 20

to picture or record
e.g. EKG: the printed record of the electrical conductivity of the heart

Front 21

-lysis
e.g. Hemolysis

Back 21

to loosen, free, or destroy
e.g. the break down of red blood cells and the release of hemoglobin that naturally occurs at the end of the life span

Front 22

-orrhaphy
e.g. herniorrhaphy

Back 22

repair, closure, or suture
e.g. the surgical repair of a hernia

Front 23

-plasty
e.g. Abdominoplasty

Back 23

to repair surgically
e.g. the surgical repair of the abdomen

Front 24

-scopy
e.g. Bronchoscopy

Back 24

to visually examine
e.g. to visualize the bronchus or bronchial tubes

Front 25

-stomy
e.g. colstomy

Back 25

to form an opening
e.g. a surgically created opening in the colon

Front 26

pre vs peri vs post

Back 26

time before, time surrounding, time after
e.g. prenatal, perinatal, postnatal are times before, surrounding, and after birth

Front 27

sub vs supra

Back 27

sub = less/under or below
supra = excessive or above

Front 28

submandibular

Back 28

below the mandible

Front 29

supraclavicular

Back 29

area above the clavicle

Front 30

inter vs intra

Back 30

inter = between or among
intra = within or inside

Front 31

interdigital

Back 31

area between the digits(fingers or toes)

Front 32

intramuscular

Back 32

within the muscle

Front 33

hyper vs hypo

Back 33

hyper = over, above or excessive, increased

hypo = below, decreased or deficient

Front 34

Hypertension vs Hypotension

Back 34

Hypertension = above normal elevated blood pressure
Hypotension = below normal blood pressure

Front 35

dys vs eu

Back 35

dys = bad/painful/difficult
eu = good, normal or easy

Front 36

Dysmenorrhea

Back 36

bad, painful menses

Front 37

Euthyroid

Back 37

normally functioning thyroid

Front 38

ab vs ad

Back 38

ab = away from
ad = in the direction toward

Front 39

Abduction vs Adduction

Back 39

Abduction = movement of a limb away from the axis of the body

Adduction = movement of a limb toward the axis of the body

Front 40

uni-
mono

Back 40

one, single

Front 41

primi-

Back 41

first

Front 42

bi-
di-

Back 42

double, two

Front 43

tri-

Back 43

three

Front 44

quadr/i-
tetra-

Back 44

four

Front 45

hemi-
semi-

Back 45

half

Front 46

poly-

Back 46

many

Front 47

olig/o

Back 47

scant, few

Front 48

pan-

Back 48

all

Front 49

alb/o-

Back 49

white

Front 50

chlor/o-

Back 50

green

Front 51

cyan/o-

Back 51

blue

Front 52

erythr/o-

Back 52

red

Front 53

leuk/o

Back 53

white

Front 54

rube-

Back 54

red

Front 55

melan/o-

Back 55

black

Front 56

purpur-

Back 56

purple

Front 57

xanth/o-

Back 57

yellow

Front 58

a-
an-

Back 58

no, not, without

Front 59

ante-

Back 59

before

Front 60

anti-
contra-

Back 60

against

Front 61

aut-

Back 61

self

Front 62

de-

Back 62

down, without

Front 63

dextr/o

Back 63

right

Front 64

dia-
per-
trans-

Back 64

complete, through

Front 65

endo-

Back 65

within

Front 66

ec-
ecto-

Back 66

out, outside

Front 67

exo-

Back 67

outside, away from

Front 68

hetero-

Back 68

other, different

Front 69

homo-

Back 69

same, unchanging

Front 70

mes/o-

Back 70

middle

Front 71

macro-
mega-

Back 71

large (abnormally)

Front 72

micro-

Back 72

small

Front 73

neo-

Back 73

new

Front 74

normo-

Back 74

normal

Front 75

peri-

Back 75

around

Front 76

pre-
pro

Back 76

before

Front 77

poikilo-

Back 77

varied, irregular

Front 78

post-

Back 78

after, behind

Front 79

pseudo-

Back 79

false

Front 80

re-

Back 80

back, again

Front 81

retro-

Back 81

behind

Front 82

sub-

Back 82

under, below

Front 83

syn-
sym-

Back 83

together

Front 84

tel/e-
tel/o-

Back 84

across, through

Front 85

sinister/o-

Back 85

left