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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Qualitative Research |
Nonnumerical data Interviews, oral communication, written texts, images, observations Small n (purposive/theoretical sampling) Focus on cases |
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Intersubjectivity |
The notion that language allows us to stand in someone else's shoes |
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Quantitative Research |
Observe the world using instruments that produce quantitative measurements or numerical data Large n Focus on variables |
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Advantages of Qualitative research |
Theory generating (gives insight needed to construct models) Exploratory studies of new social behaviors Uncovering casual processes or mechanisms Rapid reconnaissance (surveying)- where time doesn't permit more structured research |
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Cont. |
Understanding important individuals or cases Understanding groups and group dynamics Understanding culture, visual images, or texts |
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Existing Qualitative Data |
Archiving and other written documents --texts and official records stored in physical/electronic archives Visual media, popular culture and internet --existing images, music, and videos |
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Example of Existing Qualit. Data |
Tape recordings of 911 calls --Could distinguish guilt from wording of callers |
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Qualitative Interviews Unstructured |
No predetermined set of questions Interviews take place on many occasions over time (ethnography) |
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Semistructured interview |
Set of open-ended questions, accompanied by probes that guide discussion |
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Some important tips |
ask truly open-ended questions use probes |
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Focus Groups |
small-group discussions led by a moderator 4-10, 12 participants in each group moderator, note-taker, and participants |
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Why focus group? |
Includes more ppl at once Participants cue each other Generalizability can be observed Mimics social process of thinking about issues |
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Case study |
Focuses on single, complex cause Typically a larger aggregate- an organization, neighborhood, or a nation-state |
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Selecting a case to study: Paradigmatic case |
Selects a prototypical case that offers the greatest generalizability |
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Extreme case |
Aims to study a particularly good or bad example |
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Critical case |
selects a case that has unique importance |
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Qaulitative data analysis steps |
1. prepare and organize data 2. reduce and summarize data, possibly thru a process of coding 3. presenting data in narrative form--figures and/or tables |
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Integration of analysis and data gathering |
In qualitative research, process of analyzing data often occurs simultaneously with collecting data |
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Coding |
tagging text or other qualitative data using a system of categories (a coding scheme) enables sorting, counting, and organizing data |
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example of coding |
911 calls- indicators of guilt 1. innapropriate politeness 2. repetition 3. resistance in answering 4. insulting or blaming the victim |
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Content analysis |
use of coding and related methods to analyze the content of text, images |
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Qualitative-Quantitative debate |
social sciences began with qual. methods Quant revolution (stats, computing) Qual push back--pointing out limits of quantitative methods Compliment each other--Mixed-methods! |
